de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 19 de agosto de 2011 11:46
asunto: [EQ] Health and Economic Development -Evidence from the Introduction of Public Health Care
Health and Economic Development
Evidence from the Introduction of Public Health Care
Anthony Strittmatter, Uwe Sunde
University of St.Gallen, and Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg.
University of St. Gallen, IZA Bonn, and CEPR, London.
August 2011 Discussion Paper no. 2011-32
School of Economics and Political Science - Department of Economics - University of St. Gallen
Available online PDF [56p.] at: http://bit.ly/nUQoop
“…..This paper investigates the causal effect of changes in health on economic development using a long panel of European countries. Identification is based on the particular timing of the introduction of public health care systems in different countries, which is the random outcome of a political process. We document that the introduction of public health care systems had a significant immediate effect on the dynamics of infant mortality and crude death rates.
The findings suggest that a reduction in infant mortality or crude death rates exhibited a positive effect on growth in income per capita and increased population growth….”
“……This paper has applied a novel identification strategy based on the timing of the implementation of a universal public health system to estimate the causal effect of mortality changes on economic growth and population growth.
The results indicate that a reduction in mortality accelerates growth of income per capita and population size. The results reconcile earlier findings in the literature by documenting a positive effect of mortality reductions on growth based on an identification strategy that exploits within-country over-time variation, suggesting that the discrepancies in earlier findings might be the result of differences in sample composition, rather than identification method. Moreover, our results suggest that public health policy plays a potentially important role for economic development.
Naturally, there are caveats to our analysis that need to be taken into account when interpreting our results. First, the findings are based on a small sample, with the identifying variation stemming from European countries in the late 19th and early 20th Century. As in previous studies, sample composition might affect the generality and external validity of our results…………”
* * *
lunes, 22 de agosto de 2011
Improving HIV data comparability in migrant populations and ethnic minorities - ECDC
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 07:56
asunto: [EQ] Improving HIV data comparability in migrant populations and ethnic minorities - ECDC
Migrant health series:
Improving HIV data comparability in migrant populations and ethnic minorities in EU/EEA/EFTA countries:
findings from a literature review and expert panel
ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011
Available online PDF [90p.] at: http://bit.ly/pUGmZ3
The review was intended to:
• provide an overview of the current situation with respect to data on HIV in migrant and ethnic minority populations;
• identify gaps and methodological challenges; and
• propose ways in which data, and data comparability, might be improved in Europe.
Aimed at policymakers, programme managers, epidemiologists, researchers and others involved in migrant health,
this report is intended to inform future policy, research and practice. Section 2 provides the background to the
review, Section 3 documents the main findings, and Section 4 sets out the main conclusions and recommendations
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Migrant health
2.2 Gathering data on migration, on migrant health and on HIV among migrants
3 Key findings and issues
3.1 Analysis/overview of the literature on HIV and migration
4. Conclusions and suggestions
Annex 1. Bibliography
Annex 2. Definitions from international sources
Annex 3. Data and definitions from European sources
Annex 4. Summary of HIV-related studies of migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe
Annex 5. Report on the ECDC Workshop on Migration and HIV
Annex 6. Expert consultation questionnaire
Annex 7. Indicators related to migrants used in the ‘Monitoring the Dublin Declaration’ questionnaire to countries
Annex 8. Expert ranking of migration indicators for surveillance
Annex 9. Expert recommendations on indicators for research
HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities
in EU/EEA/EFTA Member States
Available online PDF [39p.] at: http://bit.ly/nfmqt9
“….The report is based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature on HIV testing and counselling in these populations in high-income countries; a review of international and national policies and guidelines on HIV testing and counselling; a survey of EU, EEA and EFTA Member States; and individual interviews and group meetings with key government and non-government stakeholders.
It is organised in five sections:
• Section 1 briefly describes the review background and methodology.
• Section 2 summarises findings about HIV prevalence and risk factors in migrant populations and ethnic minorities.
• Section 3 overview of international, regional policies, guidelines/recommendations on HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities.
• Section 4 highlights challenges and barriers to HIV testing among migrant and ethnic minority populations.
• Section 5 outlines approaches to HIV testing in migrants and ethnic minorities. It also considers how to increase uptake of testing in these populations….”
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 07:56
asunto: [EQ] Improving HIV data comparability in migrant populations and ethnic minorities - ECDC
Migrant health series:
Improving HIV data comparability in migrant populations and ethnic minorities in EU/EEA/EFTA countries:
findings from a literature review and expert panel
ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2011
Available online PDF [90p.] at: http://bit.ly/pUGmZ3
The review was intended to:
• provide an overview of the current situation with respect to data on HIV in migrant and ethnic minority populations;
• identify gaps and methodological challenges; and
• propose ways in which data, and data comparability, might be improved in Europe.
Aimed at policymakers, programme managers, epidemiologists, researchers and others involved in migrant health,
this report is intended to inform future policy, research and practice. Section 2 provides the background to the
review, Section 3 documents the main findings, and Section 4 sets out the main conclusions and recommendations
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Migrant health
2.2 Gathering data on migration, on migrant health and on HIV among migrants
3 Key findings and issues
3.1 Analysis/overview of the literature on HIV and migration
4. Conclusions and suggestions
Annex 1. Bibliography
Annex 2. Definitions from international sources
Annex 3. Data and definitions from European sources
Annex 4. Summary of HIV-related studies of migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe
Annex 5. Report on the ECDC Workshop on Migration and HIV
Annex 6. Expert consultation questionnaire
Annex 7. Indicators related to migrants used in the ‘Monitoring the Dublin Declaration’ questionnaire to countries
Annex 8. Expert ranking of migration indicators for surveillance
Annex 9. Expert recommendations on indicators for research
HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities
in EU/EEA/EFTA Member States
Available online PDF [39p.] at: http://bit.ly/nfmqt9
“….The report is based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature on HIV testing and counselling in these populations in high-income countries; a review of international and national policies and guidelines on HIV testing and counselling; a survey of EU, EEA and EFTA Member States; and individual interviews and group meetings with key government and non-government stakeholders.
It is organised in five sections:
• Section 1 briefly describes the review background and methodology.
• Section 2 summarises findings about HIV prevalence and risk factors in migrant populations and ethnic minorities.
• Section 3 overview of international, regional policies, guidelines/recommendations on HIV testing and counselling in migrant populations and ethnic minorities.
• Section 4 highlights challenges and barriers to HIV testing among migrant and ethnic minority populations.
• Section 5 outlines approaches to HIV testing in migrants and ethnic minorities. It also considers how to increase uptake of testing in these populations….”
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
UNODC and UNHABITAT release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:31
asunto: [EQ] UNODC and UNHABITAT release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas
Introductory Handbook on Policing Urban Space
UNODC and UNHABITAT release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)
United Nations Human Setlements Programe (UN-Habitat )
20 August 2011
Available online PDF [118p.] at: http://bit.ly/qjGbp3
“………..While high-income cities have succeeded in controlling crime through the use of innovative techniques, low- and middle- level income countries particularly in Africa and Central America still grapple with the challenges. Urban governments in low- and middle-income countries have increasingly sought to apply the techniques in new contexts, with growing success.
Among the best practices highlighted in the handbook are:
state officials must establish links between police and other state institutions in order to effectively incorporate security concerns into wider government efforts; city planners should contribute to discussions about security and develop relations with police; and collaboration between urban planners, civil society, government officials, police and communities is essential in combating crime.
The handbook examines a variety of crime control strategies, including community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, intelligence-led policing, situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design. It also addresses broader principles of managing urban spaces to control crime and strategies for evaluating crime control programmes.
The handbook includes references to efforts to control crime in the following countries: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
Related to the above publication,
UNODC has also released a Handbook on Police Accountability, Oversight and Integrity
The handbook aims to assist countries in their efforts to develop effective police oversight and accountability systems within the their law enforcement structures. Tasks that involve law enforcement require a high degree of integrity within police agencies. The handbook provides guidance on how to deal with complaints from the public regarding policing activities e.g. complaints on how investigations are handled, follow-ups by police officers etc.
While the handbook emphasizes that the key players in enhancing police accountability are police officers themselves, it also describes an integrated approach that involves different actors in this system including government representatives, the parliament, the judiciary, civil society, and independent oversight bodies such as national human rights institutions.
The handbook is one of the practical tools developed by UNODC to support countries in the implementation of the rule of law and in strengthening their criminal justice systems….”
Contents
Introduction
I. Context of urban policing in low- and middle-income countries
II. Policing in urban spaces and public places: current trends and practices
III. Improving the policing of urban spaces: different police strategies in different types of urban space
IV. Effective policing in public places
V. Improving policing practice, oversight and evaluation .
VI. Review of selected good practices in Africa and Latin America
VII. Role of the police in urban planning and management for safer urban spaces
VIII. Conclusions: key lessons on policing in urban space
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:31
asunto: [EQ] UNODC and UNHABITAT release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas
Introductory Handbook on Policing Urban Space
UNODC and UNHABITAT release guidelines to help prevent crime in urban areas
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)
United Nations Human Setlements Programe (UN-Habitat )
20 August 2011
Available online PDF [118p.] at: http://bit.ly/qjGbp3
“………..While high-income cities have succeeded in controlling crime through the use of innovative techniques, low- and middle- level income countries particularly in Africa and Central America still grapple with the challenges. Urban governments in low- and middle-income countries have increasingly sought to apply the techniques in new contexts, with growing success.
Among the best practices highlighted in the handbook are:
state officials must establish links between police and other state institutions in order to effectively incorporate security concerns into wider government efforts; city planners should contribute to discussions about security and develop relations with police; and collaboration between urban planners, civil society, government officials, police and communities is essential in combating crime.
The handbook examines a variety of crime control strategies, including community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, intelligence-led policing, situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design. It also addresses broader principles of managing urban spaces to control crime and strategies for evaluating crime control programmes.
The handbook includes references to efforts to control crime in the following countries: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
Related to the above publication,
UNODC has also released a Handbook on Police Accountability, Oversight and Integrity
The handbook aims to assist countries in their efforts to develop effective police oversight and accountability systems within the their law enforcement structures. Tasks that involve law enforcement require a high degree of integrity within police agencies. The handbook provides guidance on how to deal with complaints from the public regarding policing activities e.g. complaints on how investigations are handled, follow-ups by police officers etc.
While the handbook emphasizes that the key players in enhancing police accountability are police officers themselves, it also describes an integrated approach that involves different actors in this system including government representatives, the parliament, the judiciary, civil society, and independent oversight bodies such as national human rights institutions.
The handbook is one of the practical tools developed by UNODC to support countries in the implementation of the rule of law and in strengthening their criminal justice systems….”
Contents
Introduction
I. Context of urban policing in low- and middle-income countries
II. Policing in urban spaces and public places: current trends and practices
III. Improving the policing of urban spaces: different police strategies in different types of urban space
IV. Effective policing in public places
V. Improving policing practice, oversight and evaluation .
VI. Review of selected good practices in Africa and Latin America
VII. Role of the police in urban planning and management for safer urban spaces
VIII. Conclusions: key lessons on policing in urban space
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the Questions
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the Questions
Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research:
Framing the Questions
Kabir Sheikh1*, Lucy Gilson 2,3, Irene Akua Agyepong 4, Kara Hanson 3, Freddie Ssengooba 5, Sara Bennett 6
1 Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India, 2 School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 3 Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 4 Ghana Health Service/University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana, 5 School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, 6 Health Systems Programme, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS Med 8(8): e1001073. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001073 - August 16, 2011
Available online at: bit.ly/pJvI6y
PLoS Medicine Series on HPSR
Following the First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Montreux in November 2010, PLoS Medicine commissioned three articles on the state-of-the-art in Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR).
Three Policy Forum articles, authored by a diverse group of global health academics, critically examine the current challenges to the field and lay out what is needed to build capacity in HPSR and support local policy development and health systems strengthening, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Paper 1.
Kabir Sheikh and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the Questions.
Paper 2.
Lucy Gilson and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Social Science Matters.
Paper 3.
Sara Bennett and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: An Agenda for Action.
Summary Points
This is the first of a series of three papers addressing the current challenges and opportunities for the development of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR). HPSR is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field identified by the topics and scope of questions asked rather than by methodology. The focus of discussion is HPSR in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics of research in HPSR include international, national, and local health systems and their interconnectivities, and policies made and implemented at all levels of the health system. Research questions in HPSR vary by the level of analysis (macro, meso, and micro) and intent of the question (normative/evaluative or exploratory/explanatory).
• Current heightened attention on HPSR contains significant opportunities, but also threats in the form of certain focus areas and questions being privileged over others; “disciplinary capture” of the field by the dominant health research traditions; and premature and inappropriately narrow definitions.
• We call for greater attention to fundamental, exploratory, and explanatory types of HPSR; to the significance of the field for societal and national development, necessitating HPSR capacity building in low- and middle-income countries; and for greater literacy and application of a wide spectrum of methodologies.
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the Questions
Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research:
Framing the Questions
Kabir Sheikh1*, Lucy Gilson 2,3, Irene Akua Agyepong 4, Kara Hanson 3, Freddie Ssengooba 5, Sara Bennett 6
1 Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India, 2 School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 3 Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 4 Ghana Health Service/University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana, 5 School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, 6 Health Systems Programme, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS Med 8(8): e1001073. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001073 - August 16, 2011
Available online at: bit.ly/pJvI6y
PLoS Medicine Series on HPSR
Following the First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Montreux in November 2010, PLoS Medicine commissioned three articles on the state-of-the-art in Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR).
Three Policy Forum articles, authored by a diverse group of global health academics, critically examine the current challenges to the field and lay out what is needed to build capacity in HPSR and support local policy development and health systems strengthening, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Paper 1.
Kabir Sheikh and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the Questions.
Paper 2.
Lucy Gilson and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Social Science Matters.
Paper 3.
Sara Bennett and colleagues. Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: An Agenda for Action.
Summary Points
This is the first of a series of three papers addressing the current challenges and opportunities for the development of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR). HPSR is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field identified by the topics and scope of questions asked rather than by methodology. The focus of discussion is HPSR in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics of research in HPSR include international, national, and local health systems and their interconnectivities, and policies made and implemented at all levels of the health system. Research questions in HPSR vary by the level of analysis (macro, meso, and micro) and intent of the question (normative/evaluative or exploratory/explanatory).
• Current heightened attention on HPSR contains significant opportunities, but also threats in the form of certain focus areas and questions being privileged over others; “disciplinary capture” of the field by the dominant health research traditions; and premature and inappropriately narrow definitions.
• We call for greater attention to fundamental, exploratory, and explanatory types of HPSR; to the significance of the field for societal and national development, necessitating HPSR capacity building in low- and middle-income countries; and for greater literacy and application of a wide spectrum of methodologies.
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
Tackling health inequalities in Norway: applying linear and non-linear models in the policy-making process
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:55
asunto: [EQ] Tackling health inequalities in Norway: applying linear and non-linear models in the policy-making process
Tackling health inequalities in Norway:
applying linear and non-linear models in the policy-making process
Mali Strand a & Elisabeth Fosse a
a Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway - 24 Jun 2011
Critical Public Health, 21:3, 373-381
Website: http://bit.ly/n36Zd8
“…..This article follows the Norwegian policy-making process on social inequalities in health applying models for policy development with focus on linear and non-linear movements.
The focus is process-oriented following the introduction of a comprehensive, cross-sectoral strategy to tackle socioeconomic health inequalities in Norway. A case study design was selected and two theoretical frameworks have guided the research. Whitehead's model for health inequality intervention (2007) follows a linear theory-based logic, underpinning the idea that implicit or explicit theories or formulation of a distinct problem causally predicts design and outcome of policy programmes.
The second approach is based on Kingdon's (2003) perception that policy-making often occurs unpredictably within independent streams of the policy formulation process. The model focuses on the non-linearity of the flow and timing of policy action.
The present case suggests that both linear and non-linear models are necessary for understanding of the Norwegian policy-making process on social inequalities in health. Whitehead's model is a conceptual model focussing on the linear structure of the policy process, useful for identifying the different entry points for choice of direction in policy-making. Kingdon's multiple streams model is useful for gaining insight into the agenda-setting process that may be predictable, but may also be unpredictable and steer non-linear movements.
The model identifies components necessary for a problem to rise on the political agenda with a particular focus on the role of policy entrepreneurs….”
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 22 de agosto de 2011 08:55
asunto: [EQ] Tackling health inequalities in Norway: applying linear and non-linear models in the policy-making process
Tackling health inequalities in Norway:
applying linear and non-linear models in the policy-making process
Mali Strand a & Elisabeth Fosse a
a Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway - 24 Jun 2011
Critical Public Health, 21:3, 373-381
Website: http://bit.ly/n36Zd8
“…..This article follows the Norwegian policy-making process on social inequalities in health applying models for policy development with focus on linear and non-linear movements.
The focus is process-oriented following the introduction of a comprehensive, cross-sectoral strategy to tackle socioeconomic health inequalities in Norway. A case study design was selected and two theoretical frameworks have guided the research. Whitehead's model for health inequality intervention (2007) follows a linear theory-based logic, underpinning the idea that implicit or explicit theories or formulation of a distinct problem causally predicts design and outcome of policy programmes.
The second approach is based on Kingdon's (2003) perception that policy-making often occurs unpredictably within independent streams of the policy formulation process. The model focuses on the non-linearity of the flow and timing of policy action.
The present case suggests that both linear and non-linear models are necessary for understanding of the Norwegian policy-making process on social inequalities in health. Whitehead's model is a conceptual model focussing on the linear structure of the policy process, useful for identifying the different entry points for choice of direction in policy-making. Kingdon's multiple streams model is useful for gaining insight into the agenda-setting process that may be predictable, but may also be unpredictable and steer non-linear movements.
The model identifies components necessary for a problem to rise on the political agenda with a particular focus on the role of policy entrepreneurs….”
Twitter http://twitter.com/eqpaho
* * *
miércoles, 9 de marzo de 2011
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:19
asunto: [EQ] A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
World Bank - Human Development Network - March 7, 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/hlqe2H
Chair: Cristian Baeza, Sector Director, HDNHE
Keynote Speaker: Hon Julio Frenk, Dean, Harvard School of Public Health Dean and Former Minister of Health, Mexico
Respondent: Al-Karim Haji, Director General and CFO, The Aga Khan Univ.
Panel:
Harvey V. Fineberg, President, Institute of Medicine
Jeffrey L. Sturchio, President and CEO, Global Health Council
Wrap Up:
Alexander S. Preker, Head of Health Industry Group, CICHE
Hope Sukin, HealthTeam Leader, Office of Sustainable Deve., Bureau for Africa, USAID
“….The first decade of the 21st Century ended with a much improved understanding about the health threats facing developing countries as well as innovative and affordable technologies to address them. Despite the financial crisis and economic downturn, global health expenditure has continued to grown rapidly during the past decade both in terms of domestic and donor funding.
The binding constraint to further advances is no longer money or knowledge. It is the lack of people. Hon Julio Frenk will present their vision on these issues and discuss recommendations by the "Global Independent Commission" that he recently chaired in commemoration of the centenary of the Flexner Report….”
Link to the book:
Health Professionals for a New Century: Transforming Education to Strengthen Health Systems in an Interdependent World
http://bit.ly/edUAoJ
Presentation:
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People – Julio Frenk http://bit.ly/gBmzPE
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:19
asunto: [EQ] A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
World Bank - Human Development Network - March 7, 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/hlqe2H
Chair: Cristian Baeza, Sector Director, HDNHE
Keynote Speaker: Hon Julio Frenk, Dean, Harvard School of Public Health Dean and Former Minister of Health, Mexico
Respondent: Al-Karim Haji, Director General and CFO, The Aga Khan Univ.
Panel:
Harvey V. Fineberg, President, Institute of Medicine
Jeffrey L. Sturchio, President and CEO, Global Health Council
Wrap Up:
Alexander S. Preker, Head of Health Industry Group, CICHE
Hope Sukin, HealthTeam Leader, Office of Sustainable Deve., Bureau for Africa, USAID
“….The first decade of the 21st Century ended with a much improved understanding about the health threats facing developing countries as well as innovative and affordable technologies to address them. Despite the financial crisis and economic downturn, global health expenditure has continued to grown rapidly during the past decade both in terms of domestic and donor funding.
The binding constraint to further advances is no longer money or knowledge. It is the lack of people. Hon Julio Frenk will present their vision on these issues and discuss recommendations by the "Global Independent Commission" that he recently chaired in commemoration of the centenary of the Flexner Report….”
Link to the book:
Health Professionals for a New Century: Transforming Education to Strengthen Health Systems in an Interdependent World
http://bit.ly/edUAoJ
Presentation:
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People – Julio Frenk http://bit.ly/gBmzPE
* * *
FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:37
asunto: [EQ] FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011
Women in Agriculture -Closing the gender gap for development
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO- Rome, Italy
Available online at: http://bit.ly/hXj1zu
“…..This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture addresses Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, and one of the key reasons is that women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This report clearly confirms that the Millennium Development Goals on gender equality (MDG 3) and poverty and food security (MDG 1) are mutually reinforcing.
“……Women make crucial contributions in agriculture and rural enterprises in all developing country regions, as farmers, workers and entrepreneurs. Their roles vary across regions but, everywhere, women face gender-specific constraints that reduce their productivity and limit their contributions to agricultural production, economic growth and the well-being of their families, communities and countries.
Women face a serious gender gap in access to productive resources. Women control less land than men and the land they control is often of poorer quality and their tenure is insecure. Women own fewer of the working animals needed in farming.
They also frequently do not control the income from the typically small animals they manage. Women farmers are less likely than men to use modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and mechanical tools. They also use less credit and often do not control the credit they obtain.
Finally, women have less education and less access to extension services, which make it more difficult to gain access to and use some of the other resources, such as land, credit and fertilizer. These factors also prevent women from adopting new technologies as readily as men do. The constraints women face are often interrelated and need to be addressed holistically….”
Contents
PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development
1. The gender gap in agriculture
Structure of the report and key messages
Key messages of the report
2. Women’s work
Women in agriculture
Women in rural labour markets
3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture
Land
Livestock
Farm labour
Education
Information and extension
Financial services
Technology
4. Gains from closing the gender gap
Productivity of male and female farmers
Production gains from closing the gender gap
Other social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap
5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural employment
Closing the gap in access to land
Closing the gap in rural labour markets
Closing the financial services gap
Closing the gap in social capital through women’s groups
Closing the technology gap
6. Closing the gender gap for development
PART II - World food and agriculture in review
Trends in undernourishment
Food production, consumption and trade during the crises
Recent trends in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility
Conclusions
PART III - Statistical annex
Notes on the Annex tables
Table A1 Total population, female share of population and rural share of population in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A2 Female share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most recent and earliest observations
Table A3 Economically active population, female share of economically active population and agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A4 Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active population and female share of economically active in agriculture in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A5 Share of households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest observations, and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders, most recent observation
Table A6 Share of adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index less than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and household wealth quintile, most recent observations
References
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:37
asunto: [EQ] FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011
Women in Agriculture -Closing the gender gap for development
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO- Rome, Italy
Available online at: http://bit.ly/hXj1zu
“…..This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture addresses Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, and one of the key reasons is that women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This report clearly confirms that the Millennium Development Goals on gender equality (MDG 3) and poverty and food security (MDG 1) are mutually reinforcing.
“……Women make crucial contributions in agriculture and rural enterprises in all developing country regions, as farmers, workers and entrepreneurs. Their roles vary across regions but, everywhere, women face gender-specific constraints that reduce their productivity and limit their contributions to agricultural production, economic growth and the well-being of their families, communities and countries.
Women face a serious gender gap in access to productive resources. Women control less land than men and the land they control is often of poorer quality and their tenure is insecure. Women own fewer of the working animals needed in farming.
They also frequently do not control the income from the typically small animals they manage. Women farmers are less likely than men to use modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and mechanical tools. They also use less credit and often do not control the credit they obtain.
Finally, women have less education and less access to extension services, which make it more difficult to gain access to and use some of the other resources, such as land, credit and fertilizer. These factors also prevent women from adopting new technologies as readily as men do. The constraints women face are often interrelated and need to be addressed holistically….”
Contents
PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development
1. The gender gap in agriculture
Structure of the report and key messages
Key messages of the report
2. Women’s work
Women in agriculture
Women in rural labour markets
3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture
Land
Livestock
Farm labour
Education
Information and extension
Financial services
Technology
4. Gains from closing the gender gap
Productivity of male and female farmers
Production gains from closing the gender gap
Other social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap
5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural employment
Closing the gap in access to land
Closing the gap in rural labour markets
Closing the financial services gap
Closing the gap in social capital through women’s groups
Closing the technology gap
6. Closing the gender gap for development
PART II - World food and agriculture in review
Trends in undernourishment
Food production, consumption and trade during the crises
Recent trends in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility
Conclusions
PART III - Statistical annex
Notes on the Annex tables
Table A1 Total population, female share of population and rural share of population in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A2 Female share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most recent and earliest observations
Table A3 Economically active population, female share of economically active population and agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A4 Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active population and female share of economically active in agriculture in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A5 Share of households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest observations, and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders, most recent observation
Table A6 Share of adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index less than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and household wealth quintile, most recent observations
References
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture
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