----- Original Message -----
From: Sonia Bottiglieri : licenciados_en_radiologia@yahoo.com.ar
Sent: Thursday, March 18, 2010 9:33 AM
Subject: [Radioproteccion] Curso de Capacitación para Técnicos en Radioterapia
A los interesados,
Se encuentra abierta la inscripción al Curso de Capacitación para Técnicos en Radioterapia que dicta MEVATERAPIA CENTRO MÉDICO. La duración es de 7 meses, 2 veces por semana. Comienzo: sábado 10 de Abril de 2010.
Requisitos: Técnico Radiólogo recibido o con Certificado de Título en trámite.
Costo mensual: $ 150.-
Vacantes limitadas. Para reservar una vacante, comunicarse al teléfono que figura más abajo a la brevedad.
Para llevar a cabo la inscripción deberán dirigirse a Tte. Gral. Juan D. Perón 3937 (Mevaterapia) y preguntar por Carolina Fernández, en el horario de 10 a 12 y de 14 a 16 hs con la siguiente documentación:
-Copia de DNI 1ra y 2da hoja
-Copia del título o certificado de título en trámite
-Pago de la 1er cuota (Abril) $150.- (Los pagos se realizan del 1 al 10 de cada mes)
Dictado de clases: Montevideo 451- Capital Federal
Prácticas: Mevaterapia Centro Médico y Sucursales
Cualquier duda, comunicarse al
4958-1213 int 151
Muchas gracias
Carolina Fernández
Secretaria Académica
lunes, 22 de marzo de 2010
[EQ] 2010 Global report on surveillance and response: Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB)
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 18 de marzo de 2010 14:28
asunto: [EQ] 2010 Global report on surveillance and response: Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB)
Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB)
2010 Global report on surveillance and response
World Health Organization, 2010…..Drug-resistant tuberculosis now at record levels….
Available online PDF [71p.] at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599191_eng.pdf
18 MARCH 2010 | GENEVA | WASHINGTON DC – “……In some areas of the world, one in four people with tuberculosis (TB) becomes ill with a form of the disease that can no longer be treated with standard drugs regimens, a World Health Organization (WHO) report says.
For example, 28% of all people newly diagnosed with TB in one region of north western Russia had the multidrug-resistant form of the disease (MDR-TB) in 2008. This is the highest level ever reported to WHO. Previously, the highest recorded level was 22% in Baku City, Azerbaijan, in 2007.
In the new WHO's Multidrug and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: 2010 Global Report on Surveillance and Response, it is estimated that 440 000 people had MDR-TB worldwide in 2008 and that a third of them died. In sheer numbers, Asia bears the brunt of the epidemic. Almost 50% of MDR-TB cases worldwide are estimated to occur in China and India. In Africa, estimates show 69 000 cases emerged, the vast majority of which went undiagnosed…..”
Content:
Summary Introduction Part I: Surveillance of M/XDR-TB 1.1 Geographical coverage of anti-TB drug resistance data
1.2 Resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs, including MDR-TB
1.3 Risk factors for drug resistance: previous treatment, sex and HIV
1.4 Trends over time
1.5 Resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs, including XDR-TB
1.6 Estimated global burden of MDR-TB
Part II: Progress in the global response to M/XDR-TB 2.1 Scaling up laboratory services for diagnosis of M/XDR-TB
2.2 Reporting of MDR-TB patients and their treatment outcomes
2.3 Addressing other health systems considerations for the response to M/XDR-TB
2.4 Financing the care of drug-resistant TB patients in the 27 high MDR-TB burden countries
References
Annexes
* * *
fecha: 18 de marzo de 2010 14:28
asunto: [EQ] 2010 Global report on surveillance and response: Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB)
Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB)
2010 Global report on surveillance and response
World Health Organization, 2010…..Drug-resistant tuberculosis now at record levels….
Available online PDF [71p.] at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599191_eng.pdf
18 MARCH 2010 | GENEVA | WASHINGTON DC – “……In some areas of the world, one in four people with tuberculosis (TB) becomes ill with a form of the disease that can no longer be treated with standard drugs regimens, a World Health Organization (WHO) report says.
For example, 28% of all people newly diagnosed with TB in one region of north western Russia had the multidrug-resistant form of the disease (MDR-TB) in 2008. This is the highest level ever reported to WHO. Previously, the highest recorded level was 22% in Baku City, Azerbaijan, in 2007.
In the new WHO's Multidrug and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: 2010 Global Report on Surveillance and Response, it is estimated that 440 000 people had MDR-TB worldwide in 2008 and that a third of them died. In sheer numbers, Asia bears the brunt of the epidemic. Almost 50% of MDR-TB cases worldwide are estimated to occur in China and India. In Africa, estimates show 69 000 cases emerged, the vast majority of which went undiagnosed…..”
Content:
Summary Introduction Part I: Surveillance of M/XDR-TB 1.1 Geographical coverage of anti-TB drug resistance data
1.2 Resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs, including MDR-TB
1.3 Risk factors for drug resistance: previous treatment, sex and HIV
1.4 Trends over time
1.5 Resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs, including XDR-TB
1.6 Estimated global burden of MDR-TB
Part II: Progress in the global response to M/XDR-TB 2.1 Scaling up laboratory services for diagnosis of M/XDR-TB
2.2 Reporting of MDR-TB patients and their treatment outcomes
2.3 Addressing other health systems considerations for the response to M/XDR-TB
2.4 Financing the care of drug-resistant TB patients in the 27 high MDR-TB burden countries
References
Annexes
* * *
[EQ] Capital investment and strategic planning in health care facilities - Case studies
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 18 de marzo de 2010 16:21
asunto: [EQ] Capital investment and strategic planning in health care facilities - Case studies
Euro Observer
The Health Policy Bulletin of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Spring 2010 Volume 12, Number 1
Available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/document/OBS/EuroObserver_Spring2010.pdf
Capital investment and strategic planning in health care facilities. Case studies on Spain, Finland and Northern Ireland.
Content:
Even in tough times: investing in hospitals of the future
Bernd Rechel, Stephen Wright, Barrie Dowdeswell, Martin McKee
“….Hospitals are of crucial importance for health systems. In the WHO European region, the hospital sector absorbs 35–70% of national health expenditure.1 Although capital investment accounts for only 2–6% of total health expenditure1, how hospitals (by far the dominant capital asset) are built predestines a large stream of operational and medical costs for decades to come – roughly the equivalent of the original capital costs every two years.
This means that the way that the many billions of euros that are being invested annually across Europe in new and refurbished health care facilities has major consequences for the financial sustainability of the whole health system.
The Alzira Model: PPP Public Private Partnerships in an Integrated Health Services Organization
Carlos Trescoli Serrano, Tomas Quiros Morato, Manuel Marin Ferrer
‘…The Spanish National Health Service (NHS) is a centrally tax-funded system which is universal and free at the point of delivery. Its total health care expenditure in 2007 was 6.1% of GDP.1 Between 1978 and 2002, responsibility for the management and delivery of health services was transferred from the central government (the national Ministry of Health) to the 17 Autonomous Regions (known as Autonomous Communities), although the majority of funding still comes from central government……”
Strategic planning of health facilities in Northern Ireland
John Cole
“….This case study describes the planning response to a strategic review of health provision in Northern Ireland, focusing on the location and type of health and social care facilities required. The strategic planning policy discussed here has evolved and been refined over a number of years and a number of changes in administration.
Given the rate of change in the demand for and the delivery of health services it is the subject of regular review to ensure its ongoing appropriateness and effectiveness….”
The Observatory Venice - Summer School 2010
EU integration and health systems:
challenges and opportunities for patients, professionals and policy-makers
This event, which is jointly organized with the Veneto Region – one of the Observatory’s partners
25 to 31 July 2010 on the island of San Servolo in Venice.
It will explore different EU policy fields to identify links with health and assess their impact on health systems.
The Summer School is targeted at senior to mid-level policy-makers, planners, and health professionals as well as a limited number of junior professionals
making careers in policy and management. The Summer School aims to have a participative approach involving the sharing of insights and experiences, together
with formal sessions to review the evidence. The working language will be English.
We are accepting application forms and recommend early submissions as places are limited.
Please send your application or any question regarding the Summer School to: summerschool2010@obs.euro.who.int
Feel free to pass this announcement on to anybody who might be interested in attending the Summer School.
For more information: www.observatorysummerschool.org
The Observatory is a partnership between the WHO Regional Office for Europe, the Governments of Belgium, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Veneto Region of Italy, the European Commission, the European Investment Bank, the World Bank, UNCAM (French National Union of Health Insurance Funds), the London School of Economics and Political Science and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
* * *
fecha: 18 de marzo de 2010 16:21
asunto: [EQ] Capital investment and strategic planning in health care facilities - Case studies
Euro Observer
The Health Policy Bulletin of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Spring 2010 Volume 12, Number 1
Available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/document/OBS/EuroObserver_Spring2010.pdf
Capital investment and strategic planning in health care facilities. Case studies on Spain, Finland and Northern Ireland.
Content:
Even in tough times: investing in hospitals of the future
Bernd Rechel, Stephen Wright, Barrie Dowdeswell, Martin McKee
“….Hospitals are of crucial importance for health systems. In the WHO European region, the hospital sector absorbs 35–70% of national health expenditure.1 Although capital investment accounts for only 2–6% of total health expenditure1, how hospitals (by far the dominant capital asset) are built predestines a large stream of operational and medical costs for decades to come – roughly the equivalent of the original capital costs every two years.
This means that the way that the many billions of euros that are being invested annually across Europe in new and refurbished health care facilities has major consequences for the financial sustainability of the whole health system.
The Alzira Model: PPP Public Private Partnerships in an Integrated Health Services Organization
Carlos Trescoli Serrano, Tomas Quiros Morato, Manuel Marin Ferrer
‘…The Spanish National Health Service (NHS) is a centrally tax-funded system which is universal and free at the point of delivery. Its total health care expenditure in 2007 was 6.1% of GDP.1 Between 1978 and 2002, responsibility for the management and delivery of health services was transferred from the central government (the national Ministry of Health) to the 17 Autonomous Regions (known as Autonomous Communities), although the majority of funding still comes from central government……”
Strategic planning of health facilities in Northern Ireland
John Cole
“….This case study describes the planning response to a strategic review of health provision in Northern Ireland, focusing on the location and type of health and social care facilities required. The strategic planning policy discussed here has evolved and been refined over a number of years and a number of changes in administration.
Given the rate of change in the demand for and the delivery of health services it is the subject of regular review to ensure its ongoing appropriateness and effectiveness….”
The Observatory Venice - Summer School 2010
EU integration and health systems:
challenges and opportunities for patients, professionals and policy-makers
This event, which is jointly organized with the Veneto Region – one of the Observatory’s partners
25 to 31 July 2010 on the island of San Servolo in Venice.
It will explore different EU policy fields to identify links with health and assess their impact on health systems.
The Summer School is targeted at senior to mid-level policy-makers, planners, and health professionals as well as a limited number of junior professionals
making careers in policy and management. The Summer School aims to have a participative approach involving the sharing of insights and experiences, together
with formal sessions to review the evidence. The working language will be English.
We are accepting application forms and recommend early submissions as places are limited.
Please send your application or any question regarding the Summer School to: summerschool2010@obs.euro.who.int
Feel free to pass this announcement on to anybody who might be interested in attending the Summer School.
For more information: www.observatorysummerschool.org
The Observatory is a partnership between the WHO Regional Office for Europe, the Governments of Belgium, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Veneto Region of Italy, the European Commission, the European Investment Bank, the World Bank, UNCAM (French National Union of Health Insurance Funds), the London School of Economics and Political Science and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
* * *
[EQ] Megacities and urban health
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 10:01
asunto: [EQ] Megacities and urban health
Megacities and urban health
World Health Organization Centre for Health Development
(WHO Kobe Centre – WKC) December 2009, Kobe, Japan
Available online at : http://www.who.or.jp/2009/reports/Megacities_Report_DEC09.pdf
“……Megacities are cities of 10 million or more inhabitants. There are more than 20 megacities in the world and they are highly diverse. They concentrate national and global economic and political power as well as scientific, political and media attention.
When analysing health in megacities, it is difficult to separate the effect of size from other variables. However, cities of similar size do not necessarily suffer from the same problems, and at the same time common issues can be found among cities of very different dimensions. Nevertheless, starting with an analysis of their common characteristics, we identify nine challenges that megacities face which have particular health impact: transportation, governance, water and sanitation, safety, food security, water and sanitation, health care, emergency preparedness, and environmental issues.
Each challenge is analysed in terms of its relationship with urban health. They are highly influenced by the complexity of megacities in terms of population size, geographical extension, social inequalities, and usually multiple and fragmented metropolitan governments. We conclude that given the variation among megacities and the extent of commonalities between megacities and other lower population settings, the relevance of the megacity as a category in urban health is limited.
Yet the identification of these challenges, and the different ways in which they are being handled, is useful for shedding light on determinants of health and potential intersectoral interventions in a range of urban settings well beyond this group of cities….”
Table of contents
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Some key issues for urban health in megacities
3. Transportation policy
4. Governance
5. Assessment of inequalities
6. Food security
7. Conclusions
8. References
* * *
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 10:01
asunto: [EQ] Megacities and urban health
Megacities and urban health
World Health Organization Centre for Health Development
(WHO Kobe Centre – WKC) December 2009, Kobe, Japan
Available online at : http://www.who.or.jp/2009/reports/Megacities_Report_DEC09.pdf
“……Megacities are cities of 10 million or more inhabitants. There are more than 20 megacities in the world and they are highly diverse. They concentrate national and global economic and political power as well as scientific, political and media attention.
When analysing health in megacities, it is difficult to separate the effect of size from other variables. However, cities of similar size do not necessarily suffer from the same problems, and at the same time common issues can be found among cities of very different dimensions. Nevertheless, starting with an analysis of their common characteristics, we identify nine challenges that megacities face which have particular health impact: transportation, governance, water and sanitation, safety, food security, water and sanitation, health care, emergency preparedness, and environmental issues.
Each challenge is analysed in terms of its relationship with urban health. They are highly influenced by the complexity of megacities in terms of population size, geographical extension, social inequalities, and usually multiple and fragmented metropolitan governments. We conclude that given the variation among megacities and the extent of commonalities between megacities and other lower population settings, the relevance of the megacity as a category in urban health is limited.
Yet the identification of these challenges, and the different ways in which they are being handled, is useful for shedding light on determinants of health and potential intersectoral interventions in a range of urban settings well beyond this group of cities….”
Table of contents
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Some key issues for urban health in megacities
3. Transportation policy
4. Governance
5. Assessment of inequalities
6. Food security
7. Conclusions
8. References
* * *
[EQ] Conference: Priority Setting in Difficult Economic Times
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 10:08
asunto: [EQ] Conference: Priority Setting in Difficult Economic Times
Priorities 2010Biennial Meeting of the International Society on Priorities in Health Care
The International Society on Priorities in Health Care
April 23-25, 2010 Boston MA.
Conference theme: "Priority Setting in Difficult Economic Times"
Website: http://www.organizational-services.com/priorities2010/
To address the financial crisis that has challenged the ability of health systems across the globe with questions about how to prioritize and deliver affordable health care particularly to populations in resource poor settings. The meeting is scheduled back-to-back with the Harvard University Program in Ethics and Health 5th Annual International Conference which will focus this year on the ethics of procedures in priority setting.
Agenda: http://www.organizational-services.com/priorities2010/Preliminary-Agenda.pdf
Keynote speakers:
JudyAnn Bigby, M.D. Massachusetts Secretary for Health and Human Services:
Universal Coverage in Massachusetts: How it Affects Resource Allocation and the Care of Disadvantaged Populations Dean Jamison, Ph.D., Professor of Global Health, University of Washington
The Disease Control Priorities Project: Accomplishments and Future Challenges Maureen Lewis, Ph.D., Economic Advisor, World Bank
Effects of Economic Recession on Achievement of Millennium Development Goals: Possible Response Options
The purpose of the Society is to strengthen the theory and practice of priority setting in health care. It provides a forum in which researchers, practitioners and others involved in priority setting can come together to exchange ideas and experience.
* * *
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 10:08
asunto: [EQ] Conference: Priority Setting in Difficult Economic Times
Priorities 2010Biennial Meeting of the International Society on Priorities in Health Care
The International Society on Priorities in Health Care
April 23-25, 2010 Boston MA.
Conference theme: "Priority Setting in Difficult Economic Times"
Website: http://www.organizational-services.com/priorities2010/
To address the financial crisis that has challenged the ability of health systems across the globe with questions about how to prioritize and deliver affordable health care particularly to populations in resource poor settings. The meeting is scheduled back-to-back with the Harvard University Program in Ethics and Health 5th Annual International Conference which will focus this year on the ethics of procedures in priority setting.
Agenda: http://www.organizational-services.com/priorities2010/Preliminary-Agenda.pdf
Keynote speakers:
JudyAnn Bigby, M.D. Massachusetts Secretary for Health and Human Services:
Universal Coverage in Massachusetts: How it Affects Resource Allocation and the Care of Disadvantaged Populations Dean Jamison, Ph.D., Professor of Global Health, University of Washington
The Disease Control Priorities Project: Accomplishments and Future Challenges Maureen Lewis, Ph.D., Economic Advisor, World Bank
Effects of Economic Recession on Achievement of Millennium Development Goals: Possible Response Options
The purpose of the Society is to strengthen the theory and practice of priority setting in health care. It provides a forum in which researchers, practitioners and others involved in priority setting can come together to exchange ideas and experience.
* * *
[EQ] Wastewater Irrigation and Health
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org>
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 14:21
asunto: [EQ] Wastewater Irrigation and Health
Wastewater Irrigation and Health
Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-income Countries
Edited by Pay Drechsel, Christopher A. Scott, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Mark Redwood, and Akiça Bahri
Earthscan/IDRC 2010 - ISBN 978-1-84407-795-3 /e-ISBN 978-1-55250-475-8 - 432 pp.
The International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Available full text online at: http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-149129-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
“……In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw.
Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater.
This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization.
The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia.
The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on ‘making wastewater an asset’. ….”
Content
Foreword
Preface
PART 1. SETTING THE STAGE
1. Wastewater, Sludge and Excreta Use in Developing Countries: An Overview
Blanca Jiménez, Pay Drechsel, Doulaye Koné, Akiça Bahri, Liqa Raschid-Sally and Manzoor Qadir
2. Assessing and Mitigating Wastewater-Related Health Risks in Low-Income Countries: An Introduction
Robert Bos, Richard Carr and Bernard Keraita1
PART 2. RISKS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
3. Risk Analysis and Epidemiology: The 2006 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture
Duncan Mara and Robert Bos1
4. Approaches to Evaluate and Develop Health Risk-Based Standards Using Available Data
Inés Navarro, Peter Teunis, Christine Moe and Blanca Jiménez
5. Tools for Risk Analysis: Updating the 2006 WHO Guidelines
Duncan Mara, Andrew J. Hamilton, Andrew Sleigh, Natalie Karavarsamis and Razak Seidu
6. Non-Pathogenic Trade-Offs of Wastewater Irrigation
Manzoor Qadir and Christopher A. Scott
7. Risk Analysis Integrating Livelihood and Economic Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Health
Marites M. Tiongco, Clare A. Narrod and Kelly Bidwell
PART 3. MINIMIZING HEALTH RISKS
8. Wastewater Treatment for Pathogen Removal and Nutrient Conservation: Suitable Systems for Use in Developing Countries
Blanca Jiménez, Duncan Mara, Richard Carr and François Brissaud1
9. Low-Cost Options for Pathogen Reduction and Nutrient Recovery from Faecal Sludge
Doulaye Koné, Olufunke O. Cofie and Kara Nelson
10. Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Microbiological Health Risks for Consumers from Informal Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture
Bernard Keraita, Flemming Konradsen and Pay Drechsel
11. Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Human and Environmental Health Risks from Chemical Constituents in Wastewater
Robert Simmons, Manzoor Qadir and Pay Drechsel
12. Applying the Multiple-Barrier Approach for Microbial Risk Reduction in the Post-Harvest Sector of Wastewater-Irrigated Vegetables
Sanja Ilic, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah and Jeffrey T. LeJeune
13. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions for Diarrhoea Disease Reduction among Consumers of Wastewater
Irrigated Lettuce in Ghana – Razak Seidu and Pay Drechsel
PART 4. WASTEWATER GOVERNANCE AND ADOPTION OF RISK-REDUCTION OPTIONS
14. Challenging Conventional Approaches to Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture
Frans Huibers, Mark Redwood and Liqa Raschid-Sally
15. Designing Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach
Ashley Murray and Chris Buckley
16. Facilitating the Adoption of Food-Safety Interventions in the Street-Food Sector and on Farms
Hanna Karg, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah and Regina Jeitler
17. Harnessing Farmers’ Knowledge and Perceptions for Health-Risk Reduction in Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture
Bernard Keraita, Pay Drechsel, Razak Seidu, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Olufunke O. Cofie and Flemming Konradsen
18. Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture
Alexandra E. V. Evans, Liqa Raschid-Sally and Olufunke O. Cofie
PART 5 — CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
19. Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Challenges and Outlook for Mitigating Risks in Low-Income Countries
Christopher A. Scott, Pay Drechsel, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Akiça Bahri, Duncan Mara, Mark Redwood and Blanca Jiménez
* * *
fecha: 19 de marzo de 2010 14:21
asunto: [EQ] Wastewater Irrigation and Health
Wastewater Irrigation and Health
Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-income Countries
Edited by Pay Drechsel, Christopher A. Scott, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Mark Redwood, and Akiça Bahri
Earthscan/IDRC 2010 - ISBN 978-1-84407-795-3 /e-ISBN 978-1-55250-475-8 - 432 pp.
The International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Available full text online at: http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-149129-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
“……In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw.
Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater.
This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization.
The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia.
The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on ‘making wastewater an asset’. ….”
Content
Foreword
Preface
PART 1. SETTING THE STAGE
1. Wastewater, Sludge and Excreta Use in Developing Countries: An Overview
Blanca Jiménez, Pay Drechsel, Doulaye Koné, Akiça Bahri, Liqa Raschid-Sally and Manzoor Qadir
2. Assessing and Mitigating Wastewater-Related Health Risks in Low-Income Countries: An Introduction
Robert Bos, Richard Carr and Bernard Keraita1
PART 2. RISKS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
3. Risk Analysis and Epidemiology: The 2006 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture
Duncan Mara and Robert Bos1
4. Approaches to Evaluate and Develop Health Risk-Based Standards Using Available Data
Inés Navarro, Peter Teunis, Christine Moe and Blanca Jiménez
5. Tools for Risk Analysis: Updating the 2006 WHO Guidelines
Duncan Mara, Andrew J. Hamilton, Andrew Sleigh, Natalie Karavarsamis and Razak Seidu
6. Non-Pathogenic Trade-Offs of Wastewater Irrigation
Manzoor Qadir and Christopher A. Scott
7. Risk Analysis Integrating Livelihood and Economic Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Health
Marites M. Tiongco, Clare A. Narrod and Kelly Bidwell
PART 3. MINIMIZING HEALTH RISKS
8. Wastewater Treatment for Pathogen Removal and Nutrient Conservation: Suitable Systems for Use in Developing Countries
Blanca Jiménez, Duncan Mara, Richard Carr and François Brissaud1
9. Low-Cost Options for Pathogen Reduction and Nutrient Recovery from Faecal Sludge
Doulaye Koné, Olufunke O. Cofie and Kara Nelson
10. Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Microbiological Health Risks for Consumers from Informal Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture
Bernard Keraita, Flemming Konradsen and Pay Drechsel
11. Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Human and Environmental Health Risks from Chemical Constituents in Wastewater
Robert Simmons, Manzoor Qadir and Pay Drechsel
12. Applying the Multiple-Barrier Approach for Microbial Risk Reduction in the Post-Harvest Sector of Wastewater-Irrigated Vegetables
Sanja Ilic, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah and Jeffrey T. LeJeune
13. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions for Diarrhoea Disease Reduction among Consumers of Wastewater
Irrigated Lettuce in Ghana – Razak Seidu and Pay Drechsel
PART 4. WASTEWATER GOVERNANCE AND ADOPTION OF RISK-REDUCTION OPTIONS
14. Challenging Conventional Approaches to Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture
Frans Huibers, Mark Redwood and Liqa Raschid-Sally
15. Designing Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach
Ashley Murray and Chris Buckley
16. Facilitating the Adoption of Food-Safety Interventions in the Street-Food Sector and on Farms
Hanna Karg, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah and Regina Jeitler
17. Harnessing Farmers’ Knowledge and Perceptions for Health-Risk Reduction in Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture
Bernard Keraita, Pay Drechsel, Razak Seidu, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Olufunke O. Cofie and Flemming Konradsen
18. Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture
Alexandra E. V. Evans, Liqa Raschid-Sally and Olufunke O. Cofie
PART 5 — CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
19. Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Challenges and Outlook for Mitigating Risks in Low-Income Countries
Christopher A. Scott, Pay Drechsel, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Akiça Bahri, Duncan Mara, Mark Redwood and Blanca Jiménez
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