de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de agosto de 2010 08:55
asunto: [EQ] Creating Adaptive Policies - A Guide for Policy-making in an Uncertain World
Creating Adaptive Policies - A Guide for Policy-making in an Uncertain World
Edited by Darren Swanson and Suruchi Bhadwal
Sage/IDRC 2009 - ISBN 978-81-321-0147-5 - e-ISBN 978-1-55250-467-3
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada
Available online at: http://bit.ly/bFcJJe
“……….principles of complex adaptive systems and adaptive management into practical guidance for policy-makers. It describes the concept of adaptive policy-making and presents seven tools for developing such policies.
“….This book is the culmination of four years of research undertaken by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) based in Canada and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in India. Financial support and advice for this initiative was provided by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
….The specific case examples drawn on throughout the book may resonate most closely with policy-makers working in agriculture and water resource management sectors, and for policy-makers dealing with climate change issues, because that is the context from which the cases were drawn. But the seven tools for creating adaptive policies are relevant to any complex policy issue, providing a means to craft and implement policies under dynamic and unpredictable socio-economic and ecologic circumstances….”
.
Content:
Foreword
Chapter 1. The Need for Adaptive Policies
Chapter 2. Seven Guidelines for Policy-making in an Uncertain World
Chapter 3. Integrated and Forward-looking Analysis
Chapter 4. Multi-stakeholder Deliberation
Chapter 5. Automatic Policy Adjustment
Chapter 6. Enabling Self-organization and Social Networking
Chapter 7. Decentralization of Decision-making
Chapter 8. Promoting Variation
Chapter 9. Formal Policy Review and Continuous Learning
Chapter 10. Insights into Implementing Adaptive Policies
Appendix: Policy Case Study Overviews
Bibliography
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lunes, 9 de agosto de 2010
[EQ] Social Policy in the Post-crisis Context of Small Island Developing States: a synthesis
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de agosto de 2010 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Social Policy in the Post-crisis Context of Small Island Developing States: a synthesis
Social Policy in the Post-crisis Context of Small Island Developing States: a synthesis
Leisa Perch and Rathin Roy
International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG)
Poverty Practice, Bureau for Development Policy
United Nations Development Programme UNDP - July 2010
Available online PDF [43p.] at: http://bit.ly/avy9bl
“….This paper provides a synthesis of the multifaceted impact of the global economic crisis on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), focusing on the Pacific and Caribbean regions. It shows that the social investment agenda, which has underpinned so much of the development progress of SIDS, has been particularly challenged by the global economic crisis and will require innovations and policy changes by SIDS in order to sustain and advance beyond current achievements.
Global action will be required to enhance the available fiscal space for these actions. Additionally, in the SIDS, particular attention needs to be paid to the design and implementation of social policies that reduce vulnerability, improve resilience to exogenous shocks, and thus lower the human and productivity costs of exposure to repeated shocks.
These include high unemployment and underemployment, rising crime and persistent inequalities across income groups and between rural and urban communities. The transitive effects of such exogenous shocks on the incomes, food security and access to basic public goods of poor and vulnerable households demonstrate the need for a new policy approach, one that is better placed than current approaches to increase SIDS’ resilience to future shocks.
The synthesis, based largely on experiences of and lessons learned from five countries in the Pacific and five in the Caribbean,1 seeks to advocate a “paradigm shift” in global and national level approaches to the development challenges facing SIDS….”
1 The focus countries for the paper are:
i) for the Pacific: Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu;
ii) for the Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Montserrat and St. Kitts and Nevis.
* * *
fecha: 9 de agosto de 2010 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Social Policy in the Post-crisis Context of Small Island Developing States: a synthesis
Social Policy in the Post-crisis Context of Small Island Developing States: a synthesis
Leisa Perch and Rathin Roy
International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC - IG)
Poverty Practice, Bureau for Development Policy
United Nations Development Programme UNDP - July 2010
Available online PDF [43p.] at: http://bit.ly/avy9bl
“….This paper provides a synthesis of the multifaceted impact of the global economic crisis on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), focusing on the Pacific and Caribbean regions. It shows that the social investment agenda, which has underpinned so much of the development progress of SIDS, has been particularly challenged by the global economic crisis and will require innovations and policy changes by SIDS in order to sustain and advance beyond current achievements.
Global action will be required to enhance the available fiscal space for these actions. Additionally, in the SIDS, particular attention needs to be paid to the design and implementation of social policies that reduce vulnerability, improve resilience to exogenous shocks, and thus lower the human and productivity costs of exposure to repeated shocks.
These include high unemployment and underemployment, rising crime and persistent inequalities across income groups and between rural and urban communities. The transitive effects of such exogenous shocks on the incomes, food security and access to basic public goods of poor and vulnerable households demonstrate the need for a new policy approach, one that is better placed than current approaches to increase SIDS’ resilience to future shocks.
The synthesis, based largely on experiences of and lessons learned from five countries in the Pacific and five in the Caribbean,1 seeks to advocate a “paradigm shift” in global and national level approaches to the development challenges facing SIDS….”
1 The focus countries for the paper are:
i) for the Pacific: Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu;
ii) for the Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Montserrat and St. Kitts and Nevis.
* * *
viernes, 25 de junio de 2010
[EQ] How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:11
asunto: [EQ] How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall:
How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally, 2010 Update
Karen Davis, Cathy Schoen, and Kristof Stremikis
Commonwealth Fund June 2010
Available online PDF [34p.] at: http://bit.ly/bPSyNT
Chartpack (859K PPT)
Chartpack (274K PDF)
Despite having the most costly health system in the world, the United States consistently underperforms on most dimensions of performance, relative to other countries.
This report—an update to three earlier editions—includes data from seven countries and incorporates patients' and physicians' survey results on care experiences and ratings on dimensions of care. Compared with six other nations—Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom—the U.S. health care system ranks last or next-to-last on five dimensions of a high performance health system: quality, access, efficiency, equity, and healthy lives.
Newly enacted health reform legislation in the U.S. will start to address these problems by extending coverage to those without and helping to close gaps in coverage—leading to improved disease management, care coordination, and better outcomes over time.
Interactive tool:
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/site_docs/slideshows/MirrorMirror/MirrorMirror.html
Other New International Resources
· Health Care Abroad and Reform at Home: The latest podcast from the Fund's "New Directions in Health Care" series examines the costs of providing medical services in other parts of the world and considers how health care reform might change the bottom line in this country.
· International Profiles of Health Care Systems: These overviews, covering Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the U.S., provide detailed information for each nation on health insurance coverage and benefits, health system financing, delivery system organization, quality assurance mechanisms, efforts to improve efficiency and control costs, and recent innovations and reforms.
* * *
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:11
asunto: [EQ] How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall:
How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally, 2010 Update
Karen Davis, Cathy Schoen, and Kristof Stremikis
Commonwealth Fund June 2010
Available online PDF [34p.] at: http://bit.ly/bPSyNT
Chartpack (859K PPT)
Chartpack (274K PDF)
Despite having the most costly health system in the world, the United States consistently underperforms on most dimensions of performance, relative to other countries.
This report—an update to three earlier editions—includes data from seven countries and incorporates patients' and physicians' survey results on care experiences and ratings on dimensions of care. Compared with six other nations—Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom—the U.S. health care system ranks last or next-to-last on five dimensions of a high performance health system: quality, access, efficiency, equity, and healthy lives.
Newly enacted health reform legislation in the U.S. will start to address these problems by extending coverage to those without and helping to close gaps in coverage—leading to improved disease management, care coordination, and better outcomes over time.
Interactive tool:
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/site_docs/slideshows/MirrorMirror/MirrorMirror.html
Other New International Resources
· Health Care Abroad and Reform at Home: The latest podcast from the Fund's "New Directions in Health Care" series examines the costs of providing medical services in other parts of the world and considers how health care reform might change the bottom line in this country.
· International Profiles of Health Care Systems: These overviews, covering Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the U.S., provide detailed information for each nation on health insurance coverage and benefits, health system financing, delivery system organization, quality assurance mechanisms, efforts to improve efficiency and control costs, and recent innovations and reforms.
* * *
[EQ] A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:13
asunto: [EQ] A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems
A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems
Rifat Atun,1, Thyra de Jongh, 2 Federica Secci, 3 Kelechi Ohiri 4 and Olusoji Adeyi 4,5
1 Professor of International Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 2 Researcher, Centre for Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 3 Doctoral Researcher, Centre for Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 4 Health Specialist, Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA and 5 Coordinator of Public Health Programs, Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
Available online at: http://bit.ly/8Y1zrv
“……..A longstanding debate on health systems organization relates to benefits of integrating health programmes that emphasize specific interventions into mainstream health systems to increase access and improve health outcomes.
This debate has long been characterized by polarization of views and ideologies, with protagonists for and against integration arguing the relative merits of each approach. However, all too frequently these arguments have not been based on hard evidence. The presence of both integrated and non-integrated programmes in many countries suggests there may be benefits to either approach, but the relative merits of integration in various contexts and for different interventions have not been systematically analysed and documented.
In this paper we present findings of a systematic review that explores a broad range of evidence on:
(i) the extent and nature of the integration of targeted health programmes that emphasize specific interventions into critical health systems functions,
(ii) how the integration or non-integration of health programmes into critical health systems functions in different contexts has influenced programme success,
(iii) how contextual factors have affected the extent to which these programmes were integrated into critical health systems functions.
Our analysis shows few instances where there is full integration of a health intervention or where an intervention is completely non-integrated. Instead, there exists a highly heterogeneous picture both for the nature and also for the extent of integration. Health systems combine both non-integrated and integrated interventions, but the balance of these interventions varies considerably…………”
* * *
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:13
asunto: [EQ] A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems
A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems
Rifat Atun,1, Thyra de Jongh, 2 Federica Secci, 3 Kelechi Ohiri 4 and Olusoji Adeyi 4,5
1 Professor of International Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 2 Researcher, Centre for Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 3 Doctoral Researcher, Centre for Health Management, Imperial College London, UK, 4 Health Specialist, Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA and 5 Coordinator of Public Health Programs, Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
Available online at: http://bit.ly/8Y1zrv
“……..A longstanding debate on health systems organization relates to benefits of integrating health programmes that emphasize specific interventions into mainstream health systems to increase access and improve health outcomes.
This debate has long been characterized by polarization of views and ideologies, with protagonists for and against integration arguing the relative merits of each approach. However, all too frequently these arguments have not been based on hard evidence. The presence of both integrated and non-integrated programmes in many countries suggests there may be benefits to either approach, but the relative merits of integration in various contexts and for different interventions have not been systematically analysed and documented.
In this paper we present findings of a systematic review that explores a broad range of evidence on:
(i) the extent and nature of the integration of targeted health programmes that emphasize specific interventions into critical health systems functions,
(ii) how the integration or non-integration of health programmes into critical health systems functions in different contexts has influenced programme success,
(iii) how contextual factors have affected the extent to which these programmes were integrated into critical health systems functions.
Our analysis shows few instances where there is full integration of a health intervention or where an intervention is completely non-integrated. Instead, there exists a highly heterogeneous picture both for the nature and also for the extent of integration. Health systems combine both non-integrated and integrated interventions, but the balance of these interventions varies considerably…………”
* * *
[EQ] 10 best resources on: health workers in developing countries
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:16
asunto: [EQ] 10 best resources on: health workers in developing countries
10 best resources on: health workers in developing countries
Karen A Gre´pin 1 and William D Savedoff
1 Assistant Professor, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, ew York University, New York, NY
2 Senior Partner, Social Insight, Portland, ME, USA.
Available online at: http://bit.ly/bHAveF
KEY MESSAGES
· Until recently researchers and policymakers paid little attention to the role of health workers in developing countries but a new generation of studies are providing a fuller understanding of these issues using more sophisticated data and research tools.
· Recent research highlights the value of viewing health workers as active agents in dynamic labour markets who are faced with many competing incentives and constraints.
· Newer studies have provided greater insights into human resource requirements in health, the motivations and behaviours of health workers, and health worker migration. We are encouraged by the progress but believe there is a need for even more, and higher quality, research on this topic.
Our goal in this essay is not so much to present the ‘10 best’ resources on health workers, which would be presumptuous to say the least, but rather to introduce this new generation of research by highlighting a number of good research articles that demonstrate this trend.
These articles share a growing awareness that the number and quality of health workers engaged in health care services is influenced by more than government decisions about spending and deployment. They encompass the behaviour of private practitioners and nongovernmental organizations; people who seek health care; and health workers themselves as they make choices about their training, employment, location and work effort, all within a context defined by the broader labour market, politics and culture.
This is why recent research is often framed within the perspective of labour market analysis even if it emerges from fields like political science, sociology, anthropology, public administration and business management.
* * *
fecha: 23 de junio de 2010 16:16
asunto: [EQ] 10 best resources on: health workers in developing countries
10 best resources on: health workers in developing countries
Karen A Gre´pin 1 and William D Savedoff
1 Assistant Professor, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, ew York University, New York, NY
2 Senior Partner, Social Insight, Portland, ME, USA.
Available online at: http://bit.ly/bHAveF
KEY MESSAGES
· Until recently researchers and policymakers paid little attention to the role of health workers in developing countries but a new generation of studies are providing a fuller understanding of these issues using more sophisticated data and research tools.
· Recent research highlights the value of viewing health workers as active agents in dynamic labour markets who are faced with many competing incentives and constraints.
· Newer studies have provided greater insights into human resource requirements in health, the motivations and behaviours of health workers, and health worker migration. We are encouraged by the progress but believe there is a need for even more, and higher quality, research on this topic.
Our goal in this essay is not so much to present the ‘10 best’ resources on health workers, which would be presumptuous to say the least, but rather to introduce this new generation of research by highlighting a number of good research articles that demonstrate this trend.
These articles share a growing awareness that the number and quality of health workers engaged in health care services is influenced by more than government decisions about spending and deployment. They encompass the behaviour of private practitioners and nongovernmental organizations; people who seek health care; and health workers themselves as they make choices about their training, employment, location and work effort, all within a context defined by the broader labour market, politics and culture.
This is why recent research is often framed within the perspective of labour market analysis even if it emerges from fields like political science, sociology, anthropology, public administration and business management.
* * *
[EQ] Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 24 de junio de 2010 09:01
asunto: [EQ] Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
United Nations, New York June 23, 2010
Available online PDF [80p.] at: http://bit.ly/bmwAhK
The report is available in all UN languages. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 was launched in New York by the Secretary-General on 23 June 2010. The report, which presents the yearly assessment of global progress towards the MDGs, warns that while some progress has been made, it is uneven. And it pinpoints the areas where the accelerated efforts are needed to meet MDGs by 2015.
“…….The Millennium Declaration represents the most important promise ever made to the world’s most vulnerable people. The MDG framework for accountability derived from the Declaration has generated an unprecedented level of commitment and partnership in building decent, healthier lives for billions of people and in creating an environment that contributes to peace and security.
The Millennium Development Goals are still attainable. The critical question today is how to transform the pace of change from what we have seen over the last decade into dramatically faster progress. The experience of these last ten years offers ample evidence of what works and has provided tools that can help us achieve the MDGs by 2015. The Millennium Development Goals summit in September will be an opportunity for world leaders to translate this evidence into a concrete agenda for action….”
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs,
* * *
fecha: 24 de junio de 2010 09:01
asunto: [EQ] Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
United Nations, New York June 23, 2010
Available online PDF [80p.] at: http://bit.ly/bmwAhK
The report is available in all UN languages. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 was launched in New York by the Secretary-General on 23 June 2010. The report, which presents the yearly assessment of global progress towards the MDGs, warns that while some progress has been made, it is uneven. And it pinpoints the areas where the accelerated efforts are needed to meet MDGs by 2015.
“…….The Millennium Declaration represents the most important promise ever made to the world’s most vulnerable people. The MDG framework for accountability derived from the Declaration has generated an unprecedented level of commitment and partnership in building decent, healthier lives for billions of people and in creating an environment that contributes to peace and security.
The Millennium Development Goals are still attainable. The critical question today is how to transform the pace of change from what we have seen over the last decade into dramatically faster progress. The experience of these last ten years offers ample evidence of what works and has provided tools that can help us achieve the MDGs by 2015. The Millennium Development Goals summit in September will be an opportunity for world leaders to translate this evidence into a concrete agenda for action….”
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs,
* * *
[EQ] Poverty Lines across the World
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 24 de junio de 2010 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Poverty Lines across the World
Poverty Lines across the World
Martin Ravallion
The World Bank - Development Research Group Director’s Office
Policy Research Working Paper 5284 - April 2010
Available online PDF [38p.] at: http://bit.ly/aO2sTz
“………..National poverty lines vary greatly across the world, from under $1 per person per day to over $40 (at 2005 purchasing power parity). What accounts for these huge differences, and can they be understood within a common global definition of poverty?
For all except the poorest countries, the absolute, nutrition-based, poverty lines found in practice tend to behave more like relative lines, in that they are higher for richer countries. Prevailing methods of setting absolute lines allow ample scope for such relativity, even when nutritional norms are common across countries.
Both macro data on poverty lines across the world and micro data on subjective perceptions of poverty are consistent with a weak form of relativity that combines absolute consumption needs with social-inclusion needs that are positive for the poorest but rise with a country’s mean consumption. The strong form of relativism favored by some developed countries -- whereby the line is set at a fixed proportion of the mean -- emerges as the limiting case for very rich countries….”
* * *
fecha: 24 de junio de 2010 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Poverty Lines across the World
Poverty Lines across the World
Martin Ravallion
The World Bank - Development Research Group Director’s Office
Policy Research Working Paper 5284 - April 2010
Available online PDF [38p.] at: http://bit.ly/aO2sTz
“………..National poverty lines vary greatly across the world, from under $1 per person per day to over $40 (at 2005 purchasing power parity). What accounts for these huge differences, and can they be understood within a common global definition of poverty?
For all except the poorest countries, the absolute, nutrition-based, poverty lines found in practice tend to behave more like relative lines, in that they are higher for richer countries. Prevailing methods of setting absolute lines allow ample scope for such relativity, even when nutritional norms are common across countries.
Both macro data on poverty lines across the world and micro data on subjective perceptions of poverty are consistent with a weak form of relativity that combines absolute consumption needs with social-inclusion needs that are positive for the poorest but rise with a country’s mean consumption. The strong form of relativism favored by some developed countries -- whereby the line is set at a fixed proportion of the mean -- emerges as the limiting case for very rich countries….”
* * *
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