de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:19
asunto: [EQ] A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People
World Bank - Human Development Network - March 7, 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/hlqe2H
Chair: Cristian Baeza, Sector Director, HDNHE
Keynote Speaker: Hon Julio Frenk, Dean, Harvard School of Public Health Dean and Former Minister of Health, Mexico
Respondent: Al-Karim Haji, Director General and CFO, The Aga Khan Univ.
Panel:
Harvey V. Fineberg, President, Institute of Medicine
Jeffrey L. Sturchio, President and CEO, Global Health Council
Wrap Up:
Alexander S. Preker, Head of Health Industry Group, CICHE
Hope Sukin, HealthTeam Leader, Office of Sustainable Deve., Bureau for Africa, USAID
“….The first decade of the 21st Century ended with a much improved understanding about the health threats facing developing countries as well as innovative and affordable technologies to address them. Despite the financial crisis and economic downturn, global health expenditure has continued to grown rapidly during the past decade both in terms of domestic and donor funding.
The binding constraint to further advances is no longer money or knowledge. It is the lack of people. Hon Julio Frenk will present their vision on these issues and discuss recommendations by the "Global Independent Commission" that he recently chaired in commemoration of the centenary of the Flexner Report….”
Link to the book:
Health Professionals for a New Century: Transforming Education to Strengthen Health Systems in an Interdependent World
http://bit.ly/edUAoJ
Presentation:
A New Vision for Health Systems in the 21st Century: Investing in People – Julio Frenk http://bit.ly/gBmzPE
* * *
miércoles, 9 de marzo de 2011
FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:37
asunto: [EQ] FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011
Women in Agriculture -Closing the gender gap for development
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO- Rome, Italy
Available online at: http://bit.ly/hXj1zu
“…..This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture addresses Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, and one of the key reasons is that women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This report clearly confirms that the Millennium Development Goals on gender equality (MDG 3) and poverty and food security (MDG 1) are mutually reinforcing.
“……Women make crucial contributions in agriculture and rural enterprises in all developing country regions, as farmers, workers and entrepreneurs. Their roles vary across regions but, everywhere, women face gender-specific constraints that reduce their productivity and limit their contributions to agricultural production, economic growth and the well-being of their families, communities and countries.
Women face a serious gender gap in access to productive resources. Women control less land than men and the land they control is often of poorer quality and their tenure is insecure. Women own fewer of the working animals needed in farming.
They also frequently do not control the income from the typically small animals they manage. Women farmers are less likely than men to use modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and mechanical tools. They also use less credit and often do not control the credit they obtain.
Finally, women have less education and less access to extension services, which make it more difficult to gain access to and use some of the other resources, such as land, credit and fertilizer. These factors also prevent women from adopting new technologies as readily as men do. The constraints women face are often interrelated and need to be addressed holistically….”
Contents
PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development
1. The gender gap in agriculture
Structure of the report and key messages
Key messages of the report
2. Women’s work
Women in agriculture
Women in rural labour markets
3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture
Land
Livestock
Farm labour
Education
Information and extension
Financial services
Technology
4. Gains from closing the gender gap
Productivity of male and female farmers
Production gains from closing the gender gap
Other social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap
5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural employment
Closing the gap in access to land
Closing the gap in rural labour markets
Closing the financial services gap
Closing the gap in social capital through women’s groups
Closing the technology gap
6. Closing the gender gap for development
PART II - World food and agriculture in review
Trends in undernourishment
Food production, consumption and trade during the crises
Recent trends in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility
Conclusions
PART III - Statistical annex
Notes on the Annex tables
Table A1 Total population, female share of population and rural share of population in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A2 Female share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most recent and earliest observations
Table A3 Economically active population, female share of economically active population and agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A4 Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active population and female share of economically active in agriculture in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A5 Share of households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest observations, and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders, most recent observation
Table A6 Share of adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index less than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and household wealth quintile, most recent observations
References
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 7 de marzo de 2011 17:37
asunto: [EQ] FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 - Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011
Women in Agriculture -Closing the gender gap for development
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO- Rome, Italy
Available online at: http://bit.ly/hXj1zu
“…..This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture addresses Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, and one of the key reasons is that women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This report clearly confirms that the Millennium Development Goals on gender equality (MDG 3) and poverty and food security (MDG 1) are mutually reinforcing.
“……Women make crucial contributions in agriculture and rural enterprises in all developing country regions, as farmers, workers and entrepreneurs. Their roles vary across regions but, everywhere, women face gender-specific constraints that reduce their productivity and limit their contributions to agricultural production, economic growth and the well-being of their families, communities and countries.
Women face a serious gender gap in access to productive resources. Women control less land than men and the land they control is often of poorer quality and their tenure is insecure. Women own fewer of the working animals needed in farming.
They also frequently do not control the income from the typically small animals they manage. Women farmers are less likely than men to use modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and mechanical tools. They also use less credit and often do not control the credit they obtain.
Finally, women have less education and less access to extension services, which make it more difficult to gain access to and use some of the other resources, such as land, credit and fertilizer. These factors also prevent women from adopting new technologies as readily as men do. The constraints women face are often interrelated and need to be addressed holistically….”
Contents
PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development
1. The gender gap in agriculture
Structure of the report and key messages
Key messages of the report
2. Women’s work
Women in agriculture
Women in rural labour markets
3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture
Land
Livestock
Farm labour
Education
Information and extension
Financial services
Technology
4. Gains from closing the gender gap
Productivity of male and female farmers
Production gains from closing the gender gap
Other social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap
5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural employment
Closing the gap in access to land
Closing the gap in rural labour markets
Closing the financial services gap
Closing the gap in social capital through women’s groups
Closing the technology gap
6. Closing the gender gap for development
PART II - World food and agriculture in review
Trends in undernourishment
Food production, consumption and trade during the crises
Recent trends in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility
Conclusions
PART III - Statistical annex
Notes on the Annex tables
Table A1 Total population, female share of population and rural share of population in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A2 Female share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most recent and earliest observations
Table A3 Economically active population, female share of economically active population and agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A4 Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active population and female share of economically active in agriculture in 1980, 1995 and 2010
Table A5 Share of households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest observations, and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders, most recent observation
Table A6 Share of adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index less than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and household wealth quintile, most recent observations
References
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture
* * *
Call for Papers - Assets for Health and Wellbeing across the life course
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:15
asunto: [EQ] Call for Papers - Assets for Health and Wellbeing across the life course
Call for Papers
Assets for Health and Wellbeing across the life course
International Conference 2011 - 26th and 27th September
British Library Conference Centre, London
Second International Symposium on: Health Assets in a Global Context: Theory Methods Actions
A series of events to translate the asset model into policy, research and practice.
Website: http://bit.ly/dMKoF8
“……Asset based approaches are concerned with identifying the protective factors that create health and well-being. They offer the potential to enhance both the quality and longevity of life through focusing on the resources that promote the self-esteem and coping abilities of individuals and communities.
Drawing on concepts that include salutogensis, resilience and social capital, asset approaches create the potential for unlocking some of the existing barriers to effective action on health inequities, so far characterised by more risk-based or deficit approaches.
Following the successful first symposium, held in Seville 2010, which focused on young people and youth health, the aim of this conference is to increase the dialogue between public health, health policy, health practitioners, commissioners, social care, the voluntary sector and the research community on key issues relating to health assets across the life course.
Contributions are particularly welcomed that address the following themes:
Theory - Research - Measurement and evaluation - Mapping of assets - Policy and action
Potential contributors should submit an abstract of maximum 250 words for either a parallel paper session, poster or workshop by
Friday 8th April 2011.
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:15
asunto: [EQ] Call for Papers - Assets for Health and Wellbeing across the life course
Call for Papers
Assets for Health and Wellbeing across the life course
International Conference 2011 - 26th and 27th September
British Library Conference Centre, London
Second International Symposium on: Health Assets in a Global Context: Theory Methods Actions
A series of events to translate the asset model into policy, research and practice.
Website: http://bit.ly/dMKoF8
“……Asset based approaches are concerned with identifying the protective factors that create health and well-being. They offer the potential to enhance both the quality and longevity of life through focusing on the resources that promote the self-esteem and coping abilities of individuals and communities.
Drawing on concepts that include salutogensis, resilience and social capital, asset approaches create the potential for unlocking some of the existing barriers to effective action on health inequities, so far characterised by more risk-based or deficit approaches.
Following the successful first symposium, held in Seville 2010, which focused on young people and youth health, the aim of this conference is to increase the dialogue between public health, health policy, health practitioners, commissioners, social care, the voluntary sector and the research community on key issues relating to health assets across the life course.
Contributions are particularly welcomed that address the following themes:
Theory - Research - Measurement and evaluation - Mapping of assets - Policy and action
Potential contributors should submit an abstract of maximum 250 words for either a parallel paper session, poster or workshop by
Friday 8th April 2011.
* * *
Towards Evidence-Driven Policy Design: Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Modeling
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) :ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:19
asunto: [EQ] Towards Evidence-Driven Policy Design: Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Modeling
Towards Evidence-Driven Policy Design: Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Modeling
Kevin C. Desouza, Associate Professor The Information School Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington
Yuan Lin, The Information School University of Washington
The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 16(1), 2011, Article 7
Available online PDF [19p] at: http://bit.ly/dHjSp0
“…….Efforts to design public policies for social systems tend to confront highly complex conditions which have a large number of potentially relevant factors to be considered and rapidly changing conditions where continuous adaptation delays or obscures the effect of policies.
Given unresolvable uncertainty in policy outcomes, the optimal solution is difficult, if ever possible, to nail down. It is more reasonable to choose a solution that is robust to as many future scenarios that might ensue from the decision.
Arriving at such a solution requires policy makers to actively explore and exploit rich information to support their decision making in a cost-efficient, yet rigorous manner. We name this new working style as evidence-driven policy design and outline the characteristics of favorable evidence. We then argue that computational modeling is a potential tool for implementing evidence-driven policy design. It helps the study and design of solutions by simulating various environments, interventions, and the processes in which certain outcomes emerge from the decisions of policy makers. It allows policy makers to observe both the intended and, equally important, unintended consequences of policy alternatives. It also facilitates communication and consensus-building among policy makers and diverse stakeholders….”
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:19
asunto: [EQ] Towards Evidence-Driven Policy Design: Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Modeling
Towards Evidence-Driven Policy Design: Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Modeling
Kevin C. Desouza, Associate Professor The Information School Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington
Yuan Lin, The Information School University of Washington
The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Volume 16(1), 2011, Article 7
Available online PDF [19p] at: http://bit.ly/dHjSp0
“…….Efforts to design public policies for social systems tend to confront highly complex conditions which have a large number of potentially relevant factors to be considered and rapidly changing conditions where continuous adaptation delays or obscures the effect of policies.
Given unresolvable uncertainty in policy outcomes, the optimal solution is difficult, if ever possible, to nail down. It is more reasonable to choose a solution that is robust to as many future scenarios that might ensue from the decision.
Arriving at such a solution requires policy makers to actively explore and exploit rich information to support their decision making in a cost-efficient, yet rigorous manner. We name this new working style as evidence-driven policy design and outline the characteristics of favorable evidence. We then argue that computational modeling is a potential tool for implementing evidence-driven policy design. It helps the study and design of solutions by simulating various environments, interventions, and the processes in which certain outcomes emerge from the decisions of policy makers. It allows policy makers to observe both the intended and, equally important, unintended consequences of policy alternatives. It also facilitates communication and consensus-building among policy makers and diverse stakeholders….”
* * *
Improving Primary Health Care for All Australians
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:27
asunto: [EQ] Improving Primary Health Care for All Australians
Improving Primary Health Care for All Australians
Commonwealth of Australia 2011
Available online PDF [16p.] at: http://bit.ly/eomeAZ
“….Under National Health Reform, the Commonwealth Government is aiming to shift the centre of gravity of the health system from hospitals to primary health care. This booklet explains why primary health care is important; why it needs to be improved and what the changes will mean. It also provides further details on Medicare Locals, and their central role in improving the primary health care system….”
Table of contents
§ Introduction
§ Why we need to improve primary health care
§ How we are improving primary health care
§ The right workforce to provide the care patients need
§ The right infrastructure to support the best care
§ Identifying and addressing gaps in local services
§ Making the system work for patients and providers
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 10:27
asunto: [EQ] Improving Primary Health Care for All Australians
Improving Primary Health Care for All Australians
Commonwealth of Australia 2011
Available online PDF [16p.] at: http://bit.ly/eomeAZ
“….Under National Health Reform, the Commonwealth Government is aiming to shift the centre of gravity of the health system from hospitals to primary health care. This booklet explains why primary health care is important; why it needs to be improved and what the changes will mean. It also provides further details on Medicare Locals, and their central role in improving the primary health care system….”
Table of contents
§ Introduction
§ Why we need to improve primary health care
§ How we are improving primary health care
§ The right workforce to provide the care patients need
§ The right infrastructure to support the best care
§ Identifying and addressing gaps in local services
§ Making the system work for patients and providers
* * *
Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) :ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 16:14
asunto: [EQ] Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
The Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI), March 8, 2011
Available online PDF [85p.] at: http://bit.ly/eWXRpw
“…..This report explores two aspects of the urban physical environment known to negatively affect health: outdoor air pollution and heat extremes. This report shows that those who are already more vulnerable to poor health may be at increased risk of being exposed to the effects of air pollution and heat extremes because of the areas in which they live.
The literature review and new analyses examine hospitalization rates for respiratory and circulatory diseases in relation to residential distance from a pollution-emitting facility and use Toronto and Montréal as case studies to explore the relationship between heat extremes and hospitalizations for respiratory and circulatory diseases. ….”
Table of Contents
Project Team
Executive Summary
Introduction
How Is This Report Organized?
Who Is This Report For?
Notes on Terminology and Methodology
Outdoor Air Pollution, Socio-Economic Status and Health Inequalities
Chapter Overview .
Sources of Air Pollution in Urban Environments
Distribution of Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution in Relation to Area Socio-Economic Status .
Outdoor Air Pollution and Health Inequalities .
Chapter Summary and Key Messages
Heat Extremes, Socio-Economic Status and Health Inequalities .
Chapter Overview
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability During Heat Extremes
Heat and the Urban Physical Environment
Mitigating Strategie
Chapter Summary and Key Messages
Conclusions
Limitations and Directions for Future Research
Upcoming Work on the Urban Physical Environment and Health Inequalities
Companion Products
· Summary (PDF 148 Kb)
· Maps (ZIP 37,758 Kb)
· Literature Search Methodology Paper (PDF 414 Kb)
· Data and Analysis Methodology (PDF 1,893 Kb)
· Presentation (Power Point 7,005 Kb)
Media Advisory
· Canadians in poorest areas more likely to face effects of outdoor air pollution and extreme heat
Series Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 8 de marzo de 2011 16:14
asunto: [EQ] Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
The Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI), March 8, 2011
Available online PDF [85p.] at: http://bit.ly/eWXRpw
“…..This report explores two aspects of the urban physical environment known to negatively affect health: outdoor air pollution and heat extremes. This report shows that those who are already more vulnerable to poor health may be at increased risk of being exposed to the effects of air pollution and heat extremes because of the areas in which they live.
The literature review and new analyses examine hospitalization rates for respiratory and circulatory diseases in relation to residential distance from a pollution-emitting facility and use Toronto and Montréal as case studies to explore the relationship between heat extremes and hospitalizations for respiratory and circulatory diseases. ….”
Table of Contents
Project Team
Executive Summary
Introduction
How Is This Report Organized?
Who Is This Report For?
Notes on Terminology and Methodology
Outdoor Air Pollution, Socio-Economic Status and Health Inequalities
Chapter Overview .
Sources of Air Pollution in Urban Environments
Distribution of Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution in Relation to Area Socio-Economic Status .
Outdoor Air Pollution and Health Inequalities .
Chapter Summary and Key Messages
Heat Extremes, Socio-Economic Status and Health Inequalities .
Chapter Overview
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability During Heat Extremes
Heat and the Urban Physical Environment
Mitigating Strategie
Chapter Summary and Key Messages
Conclusions
Limitations and Directions for Future Research
Upcoming Work on the Urban Physical Environment and Health Inequalities
Companion Products
· Summary (PDF 148 Kb)
· Maps (ZIP 37,758 Kb)
· Literature Search Methodology Paper (PDF 414 Kb)
· Data and Analysis Methodology (PDF 1,893 Kb)
· Presentation (Power Point 7,005 Kb)
Media Advisory
· Canadians in poorest areas more likely to face effects of outdoor air pollution and extreme heat
Series Urban Physical Environments and Health Inequalities
* * *
Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 10:05
asunto: [EQ] Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?
Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?
Larissa Pelham, Edward Clay, Tim Braunholz
February 2011- Discussion Paper No. 1102
Social Protection and Labor – The World Bank
Available online PDF [148p.] at: http://bit.ly/dStDzX
“…..This paper makes the case for why safety nets are an important tool for managing the risk of natural hazards. The use of safety nets is advocated both ex ante, to prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disaster and ex post, to cope with the impacts of natural shocks.
Firstly, the paper explores the implications of contextual factors to be taken into account in the design of an effective safety net system to respond to the needs generated by natural disasters. Learning from the responses to a number of recent natural disasters, a typology of the different types of natural hazards which require different approaches to reduce their risk is introduced.
Secondly, the paper considers some “guidelines” for improving the design and implementation of safety nets either to prevent and/or to recover from natural disasters.
Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for more effective safety net and suggestions for addressing key issues are outlined…….”
Table of Contents
SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS
3 THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE PRE-EXISTING CONTEXT: LESSONS LEARNED
3.1 DEFINING THE NARRATIVE
3.2 THE POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
3.3 THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT
3.4 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
3.5 FULL INFORMATION: DATA COLLECTION AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
3.6 THE POLICY ARENA AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
4 EX ANTE PREPAREDNESS
4.1 FLOOD AND CYCLONE RESPONSE IN BANGLADESH: THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EX ANTE DISASTER RISK RESPONSE STRATEGY
4.2 SCALING UP SAFETY NETS IN ETHIOPIA
4.3 IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE: LESSONS LEARNED
5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NET PROGRAMS
5.1 SELECTING THE IMPLEMENTING AGENT
5.2 CHOOSING THE TYPE OF INSTRUMENT
5.2.1 Cash, in-kind or vouchers?
5.2.2 Public works/workfare and other conditional transfers
5.3 ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE GROUPS AND THE COMMUNITY
5.4 TARGETING
5.5 SIZE, FREQUENCY OF THE TRANSFER AND DELIVERY
5.6 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION
5.7 FROM DEVELOPMENT TO RELIEF TO RECOVERY
5.7.1 Planning
5.7.2 Scaling up and the transition from short- to long-term assistance
5.7.3 Military disengagement and foreign assistance
5.8 FINANCING
5.8.1 Social funds
5.8.2 National Disaster Management Funds
5.8.3 Private sector financing and other mechanisms
5.8.4 Multilateral donor funds
5.9 THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
6 CONCLUSION
6.1 WHY SAFETY NETS FOR RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS?
6.2 KEY ISSUES TO APPROACH, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS
6.3 KEY ISSUES FOR THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS
REFERENCES
ANNEX I CASE STUDIES
AI.1 BANGLADESH: CYCLONE SIDR, NOVEMBER 2007
AI.2 ETHIOPIA: THE 2008 FOOD EMERGENCY
AI.3 PAKISTAN: EARTHQUAKE, OCTOBER 2005
AI.4 INDONESIA: TSUNAMI, DECEMBER 2004
AI.5 NIGER: DROUGHT AND FOOD CRISIS, 2005
ANNEX II TARGETING MECHANISMS: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
ANNEX III SUMMARY OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
ANNEX IV PROFILES OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS, 2000-2008
ANNEX V SOME GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE
ANNEX VI LESSONS LEARNED: CONTEXTUAL ISSUES
ANNEX VII SUMMARY OF SAFETY NET DESIGN ISSUES
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 10:05
asunto: [EQ] Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?
Natural Disasters: What is the Role for Social Safety Nets?
Larissa Pelham, Edward Clay, Tim Braunholz
February 2011- Discussion Paper No. 1102
Social Protection and Labor – The World Bank
Available online PDF [148p.] at: http://bit.ly/dStDzX
“…..This paper makes the case for why safety nets are an important tool for managing the risk of natural hazards. The use of safety nets is advocated both ex ante, to prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disaster and ex post, to cope with the impacts of natural shocks.
Firstly, the paper explores the implications of contextual factors to be taken into account in the design of an effective safety net system to respond to the needs generated by natural disasters. Learning from the responses to a number of recent natural disasters, a typology of the different types of natural hazards which require different approaches to reduce their risk is introduced.
Secondly, the paper considers some “guidelines” for improving the design and implementation of safety nets either to prevent and/or to recover from natural disasters.
Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for more effective safety net and suggestions for addressing key issues are outlined…….”
Table of Contents
SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS
3 THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE PRE-EXISTING CONTEXT: LESSONS LEARNED
3.1 DEFINING THE NARRATIVE
3.2 THE POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
3.3 THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT
3.4 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
3.5 FULL INFORMATION: DATA COLLECTION AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
3.6 THE POLICY ARENA AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
4 EX ANTE PREPAREDNESS
4.1 FLOOD AND CYCLONE RESPONSE IN BANGLADESH: THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EX ANTE DISASTER RISK RESPONSE STRATEGY
4.2 SCALING UP SAFETY NETS IN ETHIOPIA
4.3 IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE: LESSONS LEARNED
5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NET PROGRAMS
5.1 SELECTING THE IMPLEMENTING AGENT
5.2 CHOOSING THE TYPE OF INSTRUMENT
5.2.1 Cash, in-kind or vouchers?
5.2.2 Public works/workfare and other conditional transfers
5.3 ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE GROUPS AND THE COMMUNITY
5.4 TARGETING
5.5 SIZE, FREQUENCY OF THE TRANSFER AND DELIVERY
5.6 INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION
5.7 FROM DEVELOPMENT TO RELIEF TO RECOVERY
5.7.1 Planning
5.7.2 Scaling up and the transition from short- to long-term assistance
5.7.3 Military disengagement and foreign assistance
5.8 FINANCING
5.8.1 Social funds
5.8.2 National Disaster Management Funds
5.8.3 Private sector financing and other mechanisms
5.8.4 Multilateral donor funds
5.9 THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
6 CONCLUSION
6.1 WHY SAFETY NETS FOR RESPONDING TO NATURAL DISASTERS?
6.2 KEY ISSUES TO APPROACH, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS
6.3 KEY ISSUES FOR THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS
REFERENCES
ANNEX I CASE STUDIES
AI.1 BANGLADESH: CYCLONE SIDR, NOVEMBER 2007
AI.2 ETHIOPIA: THE 2008 FOOD EMERGENCY
AI.3 PAKISTAN: EARTHQUAKE, OCTOBER 2005
AI.4 INDONESIA: TSUNAMI, DECEMBER 2004
AI.5 NIGER: DROUGHT AND FOOD CRISIS, 2005
ANNEX II TARGETING MECHANISMS: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
ANNEX III SUMMARY OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
ANNEX IV PROFILES OF SAFETY NETS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS, 2000-2008
ANNEX V SOME GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS EX ANTE
ANNEX VI LESSONS LEARNED: CONTEXTUAL ISSUES
ANNEX VII SUMMARY OF SAFETY NET DESIGN ISSUES
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European Health Policy Forum - Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services: A Framework for Action
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 10:31
asunto: [EQ] European Health Policy Forum - Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services: A Framework for Action
First meeting of the European Health Policy Forum for High-Level Government Officials
Andorra la Vella, Andorra, 9–11 March 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/i040un
The objectives of the meeting are:
•to define how the Forum can support the Health 2020 process;
•to present the overall purpose, key objectives and process of Health 2020;
•to garner advice on specific issues, including: the European action plan for noncommunicable diseases, the plan to strengthen public health capacity and services in Europe, governance and intersectoral action;
•to share experiences and strategies in implementing the Tallinn Charter: Health Systems for Health and Wealth, and assess the progress made so far.
Related Documents:
Developing the new European policy for health – Health 2020
http://bit.ly/edpJGV
To consider the importance of adopting a “whole of government” approach to governance for health and health equity and a strengthened capacity of ministries of health to lead intersectoral policy processes and advocate for health equity in all policies; and • the need to create a movement for health and wellbeing, inspired by Health 2020, through a truly participatory process that will engage and connect with decision-makers and professionals at all levels, as well as with civil society
Interim report on implementation of the Tallinn Charter
http://bit.ly/ihyiT9
assessing health system performance as a way of improving governance and accountability (chapter III); (ii) ensuring solidarity and health gain in times of financial crisis (chapter IV); and (iii) strengthening health systems impact through leadership of intersectoral action to improve health (chapter V). Chapter VI concludes the report, and offers perspectives on the lessons learned.
Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services in Europe: A Framework for Action
http://bit.ly/gp2yr9
The paper proposes a set of ten horizontal essential public health operations (EPHOs), and sets out the core public health services within each of them. These will become the unifying and guiding principles for any European health authorities monitoring, evaluating or setting policies, strategies and actions for reforms and improvement in public health. The paper highlights the major avenues that the WHO Regional Office for Europe intends to take in order to tackle public health and health system challenges. It concludes by proposing specific actions and measures to move towards the attainment of the objectives set.
Assessing System Performance for Health Governance
http://bit.ly/ghVDMC
Present initiatives which address the whole of the health system as scope of analysis (at the national, subnational or local level) and discuss how such approaches might support effective governance for better health outcomes
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 10:31
asunto: [EQ] European Health Policy Forum - Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services: A Framework for Action
First meeting of the European Health Policy Forum for High-Level Government Officials
Andorra la Vella, Andorra, 9–11 March 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/i040un
The objectives of the meeting are:
•to define how the Forum can support the Health 2020 process;
•to present the overall purpose, key objectives and process of Health 2020;
•to garner advice on specific issues, including: the European action plan for noncommunicable diseases, the plan to strengthen public health capacity and services in Europe, governance and intersectoral action;
•to share experiences and strategies in implementing the Tallinn Charter: Health Systems for Health and Wealth, and assess the progress made so far.
Related Documents:
Developing the new European policy for health – Health 2020
http://bit.ly/edpJGV
To consider the importance of adopting a “whole of government” approach to governance for health and health equity and a strengthened capacity of ministries of health to lead intersectoral policy processes and advocate for health equity in all policies; and • the need to create a movement for health and wellbeing, inspired by Health 2020, through a truly participatory process that will engage and connect with decision-makers and professionals at all levels, as well as with civil society
Interim report on implementation of the Tallinn Charter
http://bit.ly/ihyiT9
assessing health system performance as a way of improving governance and accountability (chapter III); (ii) ensuring solidarity and health gain in times of financial crisis (chapter IV); and (iii) strengthening health systems impact through leadership of intersectoral action to improve health (chapter V). Chapter VI concludes the report, and offers perspectives on the lessons learned.
Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services in Europe: A Framework for Action
http://bit.ly/gp2yr9
The paper proposes a set of ten horizontal essential public health operations (EPHOs), and sets out the core public health services within each of them. These will become the unifying and guiding principles for any European health authorities monitoring, evaluating or setting policies, strategies and actions for reforms and improvement in public health. The paper highlights the major avenues that the WHO Regional Office for Europe intends to take in order to tackle public health and health system challenges. It concludes by proposing specific actions and measures to move towards the attainment of the objectives set.
Assessing System Performance for Health Governance
http://bit.ly/ghVDMC
Present initiatives which address the whole of the health system as scope of analysis (at the national, subnational or local level) and discuss how such approaches might support effective governance for better health outcomes
* * *
Addressing Systemic Challenges to Social Inclusion in Health Care
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Addressing Systemic Challenges to Social Inclusion in Health Care
Addressing Systemic Challenges to Social Inclusion in Health Care
Initiatives of the Private Sector
Jason Marczak, Nina Agrawal, Gustavo Nigenda, José Arturo Ruiz, Ligia de Charry
Americas Society (AS) - March 7, 2011
Available online PDF [32p.] at: http://bit.ly/i12jiJ
…….Latin America remains the most unequal region in the world, presenting significant challenges to overall regional development. A number of groups— among them the urban and rural poor (33.1 percent of the population), indigenous populations, Afro-Latinos, and women—continue to lack access to critical pillars of development, including quality health care services….
“…..This report presents the findings and conclusions of Americas Society’s (AS) Ford Foundation-funded research on health care carried out under the AS Social Inclusion Program.
The goal of this paper is to draw attention to a sample of new practices that increase access to quality health care for marginalized populations and spur businesses, governments and nonprofit organizations to commit more to address this issue.
The focus is on Colombia and Mexico, where ongoing national efforts have significantly increased health care access for those traditionally left out of the health care system. By the end of 2010, Seguro Popular had reached 42 million of Mexico’s 50 million previously uninsured, and by 2011, the subsidized regime of Colombia’s Ley 100 was providing health insurance to 11 million people who otherwise would have had no such insurance.
Through in-country research and a roundtable meeting, Americas Society, leveraging its relationship with sister organization Council of the Americas (COA), looked at select cases in which the private sector is expanding access to care in each country. This report does not evaluate individual programs but rather presents a variety of health care initiatives that all have the same goal: providing care for those that otherwise would not have access to it. It is essential that we consider these cases and the lessons learned in the larger regional context.
Recommendations include:
•Greater utilization of information and communications technology, through eHealth and mHealth initiatives, can expand access to quality care, reduce inefficiencies and cut costs.
•A regional clearinghouse of for-profit models that serve marginalized populations can be an effective strategy for consolidating efforts.
•Regular dialogue between health ministries or local departments and the private sector is necessary to harmonize health care delivery efforts….”
* * *
para: EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
fecha: 9 de marzo de 2011 09:42
asunto: [EQ] Addressing Systemic Challenges to Social Inclusion in Health Care
Addressing Systemic Challenges to Social Inclusion in Health Care
Initiatives of the Private Sector
Jason Marczak, Nina Agrawal, Gustavo Nigenda, José Arturo Ruiz, Ligia de Charry
Americas Society (AS) - March 7, 2011
Available online PDF [32p.] at: http://bit.ly/i12jiJ
…….Latin America remains the most unequal region in the world, presenting significant challenges to overall regional development. A number of groups— among them the urban and rural poor (33.1 percent of the population), indigenous populations, Afro-Latinos, and women—continue to lack access to critical pillars of development, including quality health care services….
“…..This report presents the findings and conclusions of Americas Society’s (AS) Ford Foundation-funded research on health care carried out under the AS Social Inclusion Program.
The goal of this paper is to draw attention to a sample of new practices that increase access to quality health care for marginalized populations and spur businesses, governments and nonprofit organizations to commit more to address this issue.
The focus is on Colombia and Mexico, where ongoing national efforts have significantly increased health care access for those traditionally left out of the health care system. By the end of 2010, Seguro Popular had reached 42 million of Mexico’s 50 million previously uninsured, and by 2011, the subsidized regime of Colombia’s Ley 100 was providing health insurance to 11 million people who otherwise would have had no such insurance.
Through in-country research and a roundtable meeting, Americas Society, leveraging its relationship with sister organization Council of the Americas (COA), looked at select cases in which the private sector is expanding access to care in each country. This report does not evaluate individual programs but rather presents a variety of health care initiatives that all have the same goal: providing care for those that otherwise would not have access to it. It is essential that we consider these cases and the lessons learned in the larger regional context.
Recommendations include:
•Greater utilization of information and communications technology, through eHealth and mHealth initiatives, can expand access to quality care, reduce inefficiencies and cut costs.
•A regional clearinghouse of for-profit models that serve marginalized populations can be an effective strategy for consolidating efforts.
•Regular dialogue between health ministries or local departments and the private sector is necessary to harmonize health care delivery efforts….”
* * *
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