de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 10 de septiembre de 2010 08:11
asunto: [EQ] The hope and the promise of the UN Resolution on non-communicable diseases
The hope and the promise of the UN Resolution on non-communicable diseases
George Alleyne 1, David Stuckler 2, 3*, Ala Alwan 4
1 Pan American Health Organization Washington D.C., USA
2 Department of Sociology, Oxford University, United Kingdom
3London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health Policy, United Kingdom
4 World Health Organization, Assistant Director-General, Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Geneva, Switzerland
9 September 2010
Globalization and Health 2010, 6:15 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-6-15
Available online PDF [8p.] at: http://bit.ly/b0c1NP
“…….On May 13, 2010, the United Nations General Assembly passed resolution 265, „Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases‟[1], a major political statement calling for Heads of State to address NCDs in a „High Level‟ plenary meeting scheduled for September 2011. Out of this meeting, and its associated “outcome document”, will come a series of programmatic steps by all UN members.
We cannot understate the potential of this UN resolution to make chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) a global priority among international leaders. While in the past there have been numerous resolutions in the World Health Organization World Health Assembly for greater action on NCDs, this UN resolution has special significance, as it comes with the hope to achieve multisectoral commitment and promise to deliver change.
However, its overall effectiveness will depend on the ability of the international community to take advantage of this powerful political opportunity to institutionalize NCD prevention and control into policies and programmes within the broader development agenda.
In this editorial we describe the kinds of outcomes that are possible and needed, and outline strategies for generating global interest as part of a social movement so to ensure commitment by Heads of State…..”
* * *
domingo, 12 de septiembre de 2010
[EQ] F&D: Restoring Hope: Reinvigorating the Millennium Development Goals
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 10 de septiembre de 2010 08:31
asunto: [EQ] F&D: Restoring Hope: Reinvigorating the Millennium Development Goals
Restoring Hope: Reinvigorating the Millennium Development Goals
Finance and Development -- September 2010
International Monetary Fund – IMF
Available online PDF [60p.] at: http://bit.ly/9Nin93
“…..Assesses how the world is doing in meeting the MDGs--international development targets that all UN member countries and many international organizations have set for 2015.
Lead article, 'Regaining Momentum,' says that while several of the MDGs are within reach, the global economic crisis has set back progress toward a number of the targets, especially those related to health. Developing countries will need the support of advanced economies in to get back on track.
Economist Jagdish Bhagwati calls into question the premise of the MDGs and argues that they should be rethought. Philanthropist Melinda Gates gives us the good news that maternal health has been improving, though we are not yet on track to meet the MDG target on maternal mortality.
Picture This takes a look at child mortality rates and finds a more sobering picture.
In related stories, economists Arvind Panagariya and Rodney Ramcharan have different views on how important it is to fight inequality.
This issue also examines the deterioration of fiscal positions in advanced economies--as a result of both the global financial crisis and the long-run health and pension costs of an aging population. 'How Grim a Fiscal Crisis?' argues that consolidation in advanced economies should focus on spending cuts, given the already high tax burdens in many countries.
In 'A Hidden Fiscal Crisis,' economist Laurence J. Kotlikoff examines the serious budget issues in the United States. We also look at the expensive needs of a rapidly aging population in France, and steps China is taking to improve pensions and health care. ….” More…
Content:
REINVIGORATING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The Promise of the MDGs
Regaining Momentum
Progress on the Millennium Development Goals has been slowed by the crisis. The rest of the world has to help
Delfin S. Go, Richard Harmsen, and Hans Timmer
Making a Breakthrough
To accelerate progress toward the Millennium Development Goals, growth must happen in sectors that directly benefit the poor, such as agriculture
Pedro Conceição and Selim Jahan
Saving Mothers’ Lives
Countries must make maternal health a policy priority
Melinda Gates
Time for a Rethink
It is hard to object to the Millennium Development Goals, but that doesn’t mean they lay out an effective blueprint for development
Jagdish Bhagwati
Half Empty or Half Full
Does aid work? The net impact of aid surges depends on country-specific factors
Andrew Berg and Luis-Felipe Zanna
Growing out of Poverty
Economic expansion reduces poverty by creating employment opportunities and making anti-poverty programs fiscally feasible
Arvind Panagariya
Inequality Is Untenable
If policymakers neglect income distribution, the consequences for individuals and society can be grave
Rodney Ramcharan
How Grim a Fiscal Future?
For most advanced economies, both the near term and the longer term are tight, but there are ways to ease budget pressures
Mark Horton
A Hidden Fiscal Crisis
A noted U.S. economist says debt figures seriously understate long-term budget problems in the United States
Laurence J. Kotlikoff
Building a Social Safety Net
China embarks on an effort to improve both pensions and health care in the world’s most populous nation
Steve Barnett and Nigel Chalk
The Long Run Is Near
France, like many advanced economies, confronts the expensive needs of a rapidly aging population
Kevin Cheng, Erik De Vrijer, and Irina Yakadina
By the Rule
In France, a commission proposes a rule-based framework to set the country on a path to balanced budgets
Michel Camdessus and Renaud Guidée
Finance & Development is published quarterly in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish by the International Monetary Fund.
English edition ISSN 0015-1947 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/fda.htm
* * *
fecha: 10 de septiembre de 2010 08:31
asunto: [EQ] F&D: Restoring Hope: Reinvigorating the Millennium Development Goals
Restoring Hope: Reinvigorating the Millennium Development Goals
Finance and Development -- September 2010
International Monetary Fund – IMF
Available online PDF [60p.] at: http://bit.ly/9Nin93
“…..Assesses how the world is doing in meeting the MDGs--international development targets that all UN member countries and many international organizations have set for 2015.
Lead article, 'Regaining Momentum,' says that while several of the MDGs are within reach, the global economic crisis has set back progress toward a number of the targets, especially those related to health. Developing countries will need the support of advanced economies in to get back on track.
Economist Jagdish Bhagwati calls into question the premise of the MDGs and argues that they should be rethought. Philanthropist Melinda Gates gives us the good news that maternal health has been improving, though we are not yet on track to meet the MDG target on maternal mortality.
Picture This takes a look at child mortality rates and finds a more sobering picture.
In related stories, economists Arvind Panagariya and Rodney Ramcharan have different views on how important it is to fight inequality.
This issue also examines the deterioration of fiscal positions in advanced economies--as a result of both the global financial crisis and the long-run health and pension costs of an aging population. 'How Grim a Fiscal Crisis?' argues that consolidation in advanced economies should focus on spending cuts, given the already high tax burdens in many countries.
In 'A Hidden Fiscal Crisis,' economist Laurence J. Kotlikoff examines the serious budget issues in the United States. We also look at the expensive needs of a rapidly aging population in France, and steps China is taking to improve pensions and health care. ….” More…
Content:
REINVIGORATING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The Promise of the MDGs
Regaining Momentum
Progress on the Millennium Development Goals has been slowed by the crisis. The rest of the world has to help
Delfin S. Go, Richard Harmsen, and Hans Timmer
Making a Breakthrough
To accelerate progress toward the Millennium Development Goals, growth must happen in sectors that directly benefit the poor, such as agriculture
Pedro Conceição and Selim Jahan
Saving Mothers’ Lives
Countries must make maternal health a policy priority
Melinda Gates
Time for a Rethink
It is hard to object to the Millennium Development Goals, but that doesn’t mean they lay out an effective blueprint for development
Jagdish Bhagwati
Half Empty or Half Full
Does aid work? The net impact of aid surges depends on country-specific factors
Andrew Berg and Luis-Felipe Zanna
Growing out of Poverty
Economic expansion reduces poverty by creating employment opportunities and making anti-poverty programs fiscally feasible
Arvind Panagariya
Inequality Is Untenable
If policymakers neglect income distribution, the consequences for individuals and society can be grave
Rodney Ramcharan
How Grim a Fiscal Future?
For most advanced economies, both the near term and the longer term are tight, but there are ways to ease budget pressures
Mark Horton
A Hidden Fiscal Crisis
A noted U.S. economist says debt figures seriously understate long-term budget problems in the United States
Laurence J. Kotlikoff
Building a Social Safety Net
China embarks on an effort to improve both pensions and health care in the world’s most populous nation
Steve Barnett and Nigel Chalk
The Long Run Is Near
France, like many advanced economies, confronts the expensive needs of a rapidly aging population
Kevin Cheng, Erik De Vrijer, and Irina Yakadina
By the Rule
In France, a commission proposes a rule-based framework to set the country on a path to balanced budgets
Michel Camdessus and Renaud Guidée
Finance & Development is published quarterly in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish by the International Monetary Fund.
English edition ISSN 0015-1947 URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/fda.htm
* * *
[SESOMA] Fw: Información de Interés - Próxima Actividad COPIME
From: COPIME
To: consult-art@fibertel.com.ar
Sent: Friday, September 10, 2010 12:51 PM
Subject: Información de Interés - Próxima Actividad COPIME
LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES EN LA GESTIÓN DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO. LA EXPERIENCIA DE TRANSENER.
Fecha: Jueves 16 de septiembre de 2010
Horario: 19:00 hs.
Lugar: Sede del COPIME – Del Carmen 776 – Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Resumen:
La charla intentará mostrar la experiencia vivida por la Empresa Transener S.A. y Transba S.A., quienes en conjunto con la Federación de Trabajadores de Luz y Fuerza de la República Argentina, han adherido a la directriz ILO-OSH -2001 de la OIT.
En el desarrollo del mismo se puede apreciar un Modelo de gestión participativa con el trabajo en conjunto de los comités mixtos llevados a su expresión más pequeña y aplicado en cada región y sector de la compañía, como un elemento fuerza de la Sustentabilidad .
Durante la ponencia se podrán apreciar las bases que dieron sustento al desarrollo de un sistema de gestión propio, que fue madurando hasta llegar en el año 2006 a la aplicación de la directriz .
Se podrán analizar los aciertos y los errores cometidos en este desarrollo que lleva 12 años de vida, con una visión desde la óptica práctica, con pilares que más allá del sistema de gestión se fundan en : La alta participación de todos los niveles
La evaluación de riesgos por tareas
La generación de Métodos de Trabajo Seguros (MTS) y Asignación de Trabajo Seguro(ATS)
La aplicación de los conceptos de la Seguridad basada en el Comportamiento
Al finalizar se podrá apreciar la evolución de indicadores esbozando conclusiones y lesiones aprendidas abriendo el intercambio a una sección de preguntas .
Disertante: Darío CONSOLANI
-Licenciado en Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo (Universidad de Morón)
-Jefe del Departamento de Seguridad, Salud y Medio Ambiente de Transener S.A. y Transba A.S.
-A cargo de la Coordinación Internacional del Grupo de Trabajo de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo y la Coordinación Alterna Internacional del Grupo de Trabajo de Medio Ambiente de la Comisión de Integración Energética Regional (Cier)
Se requiere inscripción previa – Ingreso Libre
Informes e Inscripción:
Consejo Profesional de Ingeniería Mecánica y Electricista (COPIME)
Horario de Atención: lunes a viernes de 10 a 1
7 hs
Tel. 4813 - 2400
Del Carmen 776 – Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
E-mail: inscripcion@copime.org.ar
Visite nuestra Página Web: www.copime.org.ar
Formulario de inscripción: http://www.copime.org.ar/formularioinscripcioncursos10.htm
To: consult-art@fibertel.com.ar
Sent: Friday, September 10, 2010 12:51 PM
Subject: Información de Interés - Próxima Actividad COPIME
LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES EN LA GESTIÓN DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO. LA EXPERIENCIA DE TRANSENER.
Fecha: Jueves 16 de septiembre de 2010
Horario: 19:00 hs.
Lugar: Sede del COPIME – Del Carmen 776 – Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Resumen:
La charla intentará mostrar la experiencia vivida por la Empresa Transener S.A. y Transba S.A., quienes en conjunto con la Federación de Trabajadores de Luz y Fuerza de la República Argentina, han adherido a la directriz ILO-OSH -2001 de la OIT.
En el desarrollo del mismo se puede apreciar un Modelo de gestión participativa con el trabajo en conjunto de los comités mixtos llevados a su expresión más pequeña y aplicado en cada región y sector de la compañía, como un elemento fuerza de la Sustentabilidad .
Durante la ponencia se podrán apreciar las bases que dieron sustento al desarrollo de un sistema de gestión propio, que fue madurando hasta llegar en el año 2006 a la aplicación de la directriz .
Se podrán analizar los aciertos y los errores cometidos en este desarrollo que lleva 12 años de vida, con una visión desde la óptica práctica, con pilares que más allá del sistema de gestión se fundan en : La alta participación de todos los niveles
La evaluación de riesgos por tareas
La generación de Métodos de Trabajo Seguros (MTS) y Asignación de Trabajo Seguro(ATS)
La aplicación de los conceptos de la Seguridad basada en el Comportamiento
Al finalizar se podrá apreciar la evolución de indicadores esbozando conclusiones y lesiones aprendidas abriendo el intercambio a una sección de preguntas .
Disertante: Darío CONSOLANI
-Licenciado en Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo (Universidad de Morón)
-Jefe del Departamento de Seguridad, Salud y Medio Ambiente de Transener S.A. y Transba A.S.
-A cargo de la Coordinación Internacional del Grupo de Trabajo de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo y la Coordinación Alterna Internacional del Grupo de Trabajo de Medio Ambiente de la Comisión de Integración Energética Regional (Cier)
Se requiere inscripción previa – Ingreso Libre
Informes e Inscripción:
Consejo Profesional de Ingeniería Mecánica y Electricista (COPIME)
Horario de Atención: lunes a viernes de 10 a 1
7 hs
Tel. 4813 - 2400
Del Carmen 776 – Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
E-mail: inscripcion@copime.org.ar
Visite nuestra Página Web: www.copime.org.ar
Formulario de inscripción: http://www.copime.org.ar/formularioinscripcioncursos10.htm
Curso Estudio del Origen de las Fallas y su Prevencion - Buenos Aires - Argentina
De: Club de Mantenimiento
Para: javierhaguirre_egan@yahoo.com.ar
Enviado: sábado, 11 de septiembre, 2010 13:34:38
Asunto: Curso Estudio del Origen de las Fallas y su Prevencion - Buenos Aires - Argentina
Para: javierhaguirre_egan@yahoo.com.ar
Enviado: sábado, 11 de septiembre, 2010 13:34:38
Asunto: Curso Estudio del Origen de las Fallas y su Prevencion - Buenos Aires - Argentina
jueves, 9 de septiembre de 2010
[EQ] Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 11:32
asunto: [EQ] Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies
Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies:
Workshop Summary
Eileen R. Choffnes, David A. Relman, and Alison Mack, Rapporteurs
Forum on Microbial Threats; Institute of Medicine IOM - ISBN: 0-309-15612-2 - (2010)
US Board on Global Health
Available online at: http://bit.ly/8ZDOPK
“……Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality on our planet. The development of resistance in microbes—bacterial, viral, or parasites—to therapeutics is neither surprising nor new. However, the scope and scale of this phenomenon is an ever increasing multinational public health crisis as drug resistance accumulates and accelerates over space and time.
Today some strains of bacteria and viruses are resistant to all but a single drug, and some may soon have no effective treatments left in the “medicine chest.” The disease burden from multidrug-resistant strains of organisms causing AIDS, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, malaria, influenza, pneumonia, and diarrhea is being felt in both the developed and the developing worlds alike.
The accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial1 resistance (hereinafter referred to as AMR) is a demonstration of evolution in “real time” in response to the chemical warfare waged against microbes through the therapeutic and non-therapeutic uses of antimicrobial agents. After several decades in which it appeared that human ingenuity had outwitted the pathogens, multidrug-resistant “superbugs” have become a global challenge, aided and abetted by the use, misuse, and overuse of once highly effective anti-infective drugs. …”
“…..Pathogens resistant to multiple antibacterial agents, while initially associated with the clinical treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals, are increasingly found outside the healthcare setting. Therapeutic options for these so-called community-acquired pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are extremely limited, as are prospects for the development of the next generation of antimicrobial drugs.
On April 6 and 7, 2010, the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to consider the nature and sources of AMR, it implications for global health, and strategies to mitigate the current and future impacts of AMR.
Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored the evolutionary, genetic, and ecological origins of AMR and its effects on human and animal health worldwide.
Participants also discussed host and environmental factors associated with the expansion of AMR; strategies for extending the useful life of antimicrobials; alternative approaches for treating infections; incentives and disincentives for prudent antimicrobial use; and prospects for the discovery and development of ”next generation” antimicrobial therapeutics. While it was the “intent” of the workshop planners and organizers to cover the phenomenon of AMR broadly, workshop presentations and discussions focused almost exclusively on bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs……”
Contents
Workshop Overview References
Contributed Manuscripts:
- The Case for Pathogen-Specific Therapy- Waves of Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the Antibiotic Era- Sublethal Antibiotic Treatment Leads to Multidrug Resistance via Radical-Induced Mutagenesis- Antibiotic-Induced Resistance Flow- Actinobacteria: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly- Antibiotics for Emerging Pathogens- Averting a Potential Post-Antibiotic Era- Antibiotic Effectiveness: New Challenges in Natural Resource Management- The Role of Health Care Facilities- Challenges and Opportunities in Antibiotic Discovery- Responding to the Global Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: The APUA Chapter Network- Population Mobility, Globalization, and Antimicrobial Resistance- Population Mobility, Globalization, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance- The Bacterial Challenge: A Time to React, Executive Summary
- The Effects of Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance on Public Health- Clinical Issues and Outcomes Associated with Rising Antimicrobial Resistance- WHO Activities for Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Use of Antimicrobials in Animals Intended for Food- The Antibacterial Pipeline: Why Is It Drying Up, and What Must Be Done About It?- Challenges in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Clinical and Environmental Isolates
- Measuring the Cost of Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections: The Feasibility and Accuracy of Economic Analysis Using Electronic Medical Record Databases- The Antibiotic Resistome
* * *
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 11:32
asunto: [EQ] Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies
Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies:
Workshop Summary
Eileen R. Choffnes, David A. Relman, and Alison Mack, Rapporteurs
Forum on Microbial Threats; Institute of Medicine IOM - ISBN: 0-309-15612-2 - (2010)
US Board on Global Health
Available online at: http://bit.ly/8ZDOPK
“……Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality on our planet. The development of resistance in microbes—bacterial, viral, or parasites—to therapeutics is neither surprising nor new. However, the scope and scale of this phenomenon is an ever increasing multinational public health crisis as drug resistance accumulates and accelerates over space and time.
Today some strains of bacteria and viruses are resistant to all but a single drug, and some may soon have no effective treatments left in the “medicine chest.” The disease burden from multidrug-resistant strains of organisms causing AIDS, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, malaria, influenza, pneumonia, and diarrhea is being felt in both the developed and the developing worlds alike.
The accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial1 resistance (hereinafter referred to as AMR) is a demonstration of evolution in “real time” in response to the chemical warfare waged against microbes through the therapeutic and non-therapeutic uses of antimicrobial agents. After several decades in which it appeared that human ingenuity had outwitted the pathogens, multidrug-resistant “superbugs” have become a global challenge, aided and abetted by the use, misuse, and overuse of once highly effective anti-infective drugs. …”
“…..Pathogens resistant to multiple antibacterial agents, while initially associated with the clinical treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals, are increasingly found outside the healthcare setting. Therapeutic options for these so-called community-acquired pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are extremely limited, as are prospects for the development of the next generation of antimicrobial drugs.
On April 6 and 7, 2010, the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to consider the nature and sources of AMR, it implications for global health, and strategies to mitigate the current and future impacts of AMR.
Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored the evolutionary, genetic, and ecological origins of AMR and its effects on human and animal health worldwide.
Participants also discussed host and environmental factors associated with the expansion of AMR; strategies for extending the useful life of antimicrobials; alternative approaches for treating infections; incentives and disincentives for prudent antimicrobial use; and prospects for the discovery and development of ”next generation” antimicrobial therapeutics. While it was the “intent” of the workshop planners and organizers to cover the phenomenon of AMR broadly, workshop presentations and discussions focused almost exclusively on bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs……”
Contents
Workshop Overview References
Contributed Manuscripts:
- The Case for Pathogen-Specific Therapy- Waves of Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the Antibiotic Era- Sublethal Antibiotic Treatment Leads to Multidrug Resistance via Radical-Induced Mutagenesis- Antibiotic-Induced Resistance Flow- Actinobacteria: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly- Antibiotics for Emerging Pathogens- Averting a Potential Post-Antibiotic Era- Antibiotic Effectiveness: New Challenges in Natural Resource Management- The Role of Health Care Facilities- Challenges and Opportunities in Antibiotic Discovery- Responding to the Global Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: The APUA Chapter Network- Population Mobility, Globalization, and Antimicrobial Resistance- Population Mobility, Globalization, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance- The Bacterial Challenge: A Time to React, Executive Summary
- The Effects of Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance on Public Health- Clinical Issues and Outcomes Associated with Rising Antimicrobial Resistance- WHO Activities for Control of Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Use of Antimicrobials in Animals Intended for Food- The Antibacterial Pipeline: Why Is It Drying Up, and What Must Be Done About It?- Challenges in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Clinical and Environmental Isolates
- Measuring the Cost of Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections: The Feasibility and Accuracy of Economic Analysis Using Electronic Medical Record Databases- The Antibiotic Resistome
* * *
[EQ] Medical devices: managing the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices project - Global Forum
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 08:36
asunto: [EQ] Medical devices: managing the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices project - Global Forum
Medical devices: managing the mismatch:
an outcome of the priority medical devices project
ISBN 978 92 4 156404 5 (NLM classification: WX 147) -
World Health Organization 2010
Available online PDF [36p.] at: http://bit.ly/brPeBd
“….Medical devices are important to provide health care and to improve the health of individuals and populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes this. One of WHO’s strategic objectives is to ensure improved access, quality and use of medical devices. Without medical devices, routine medical procedures—from bandaging a sprained ankle, to diagnosing HIV/AIDS or implanting an artificial hip—would be impossible. Concurrently, modern technology is producing an overwhelming abundance of medical devices at a rate that soon makes the latest device obsolete.Key issues affecting progress include the extreme diversity of the medical device arena—diverse in terms of types of devices, degrees of complexity, applications, usage, users and categories and issues like the context dependency of medical devices and research in medical devices often not based on public health needs.
However, as a crucial component of health care, medical devices will be most effective when considered in the wider context of the complete health-care package necessary to address public health needs: prevention, clinical care (investigation, diagnosis, treatment and management, follow up, and rehabilitation) and access to appropriate health care. Therefore, rather than just focusing on the technological issues involved in medical devices, it is necessary to frame medical devices in another way—as an agenda to improve global access to appropriate medical devices.
This agenda is composed of the crucial “4 As”—Availability, Accessibility, Appropriateness, and Affordability.
These four components help to widen the scope of the medical device agenda so that it does not just focus on “upstream” innovation efforts but also on choosing which medical devices to procure in a rational way, responding to the needs, and in ensuring that they are used as effectively as possible to best improve health….”
The First Global Forum on Medical Devices
The World Health Organization is pleased to announce the First Global Forum on Medical Devices to be held 9-11 September, 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand. A webcast is available to view the sessions. Overview
Watch the webcast live
Baseline country survey: http://www.who.int/medical_devices
Medical devices: managing the mismatch – Contents
Overview 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Prioritizing medical devices: setting the scene
1.2 The Priority Medical Devices project
1.3 The mismatch
1.4 This report
2. Medical devices 2.1 Medical devices: what’s in a name?
2.2 Past, present, and future
2.2.1 Recent key trends
2.2.2 Future trends
2.3 Assistive products
2.4 Pharmaceuticals and medical devices: similarities and differences
2.4.1 Access to essential medicines
2.4.2 Access to appropriate medical devices
2.5 The medical device market
2.6 Medical device regulation
2.7 An introduction to medical device innovation
2.7.1 Applying non-medical innovation to health care
3. Public health needs 3.1 A health-based approach to choosing medical devices
3.2 Identifying current and future public health needs
3.2.1 Disability
3.2.2 Global trends
3.3 Public health: the missing research target
3.3.1 Drivers of research
3.4 The gap
4. Priority Medical Devices project: methods used
4.1 Methodology
4.1.1 Identifying key medical devices in high-burden diseases
4.1.2 Identifying the medical device gap
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Identifying key medical devices in high-burden diseases
4.2.2 Identifying the medical device gaps
4.3 Identifying key assistive products for high-burden diseases
5. Medical devices: problems and possible solutions
5.1 Choosing medical devices
5.1.1 Barriers to choosing medical devices
5.1.2 Possible solutions to overcoming these barriers
5.2 Using medical devices
5.2.1 Barriers to using medical devices
5.2.2 Overcoming barriers to using medical devices
5.3 Medical device innovation
5.3.1 Barriers to innovation
5.3.2 Barriers to appropriate innovation uptake
5.3.3 Overcoming the barriers to medical innovation
5.4 Assistive devices
5.5 Emerging themes
5.5.1 Applying the 4 As to medical devices and medical interventions
6. Towards appropriate medical devices: options for future research
6.1 Methodology
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Scoping exercise
6.3 Future research areas in cross-cutting areas
6.3.1 Study design and clinical outcome
6.3.2 Laboratory diagnostic tools
6.3.3 Telemedicine and labour-saving technologies
6.3.4 Safe injections
6.4 Future research areas in global high-burden diseases
6.4.1 Perinatal conditions
6.4.2 Lower respiratory tract infections
6.4.3 Unipolar depressive disorders
6.4.4 Ischaemic heart disease
6.4.5 Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
6.4.6 HIV/AIDS
6.4.7 Road traffic accidents
6.4.8 Tuberculosis
6.4.9 Malaria
6.4.10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6.4.11 Cataract
6.4.12 Hearing loss
6.4.13 Alcohol use disorders
6.4.14 Diabetes mellitus
6.5 Future trends in high-burden diseases
6.5.1 Alzheimer disease and other dementias
6.5.2 Cancer (malignant neoplasms)
6.5.3 Osteoarthritis
6.6 A possible way forward
References
Glossary
Annex 1 List of background papers and methods used in preparing the report
1. A stepwise approach to identifying gaps in medical devices (Availability Matrix and survey methodology)
2. Building bridges between diseases, disabilities and assistive devices: linking the GBD, ICF and ISO 9999
3. Clinical evidence for medical devices: regulatory processes focusing on Europe and the United States of America
4. Increasing complexity of medical devices and consequences for training and outcome of care
5. Context dependency of medical devices
6. Barriers to innovation in the field of medical devices
7. Trends in medical technology and expected impact on public health
8. Future public health needs: commonalities and differences between high- and low-resource settings
Annex 2 Conflict of interest statement
Annex 3 Steering bodies of the Priority Medical Devices project
* * *
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 08:36
asunto: [EQ] Medical devices: managing the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices project - Global Forum
Medical devices: managing the mismatch:
an outcome of the priority medical devices project
ISBN 978 92 4 156404 5 (NLM classification: WX 147) -
World Health Organization 2010
Available online PDF [36p.] at: http://bit.ly/brPeBd
“….Medical devices are important to provide health care and to improve the health of individuals and populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes this. One of WHO’s strategic objectives is to ensure improved access, quality and use of medical devices. Without medical devices, routine medical procedures—from bandaging a sprained ankle, to diagnosing HIV/AIDS or implanting an artificial hip—would be impossible. Concurrently, modern technology is producing an overwhelming abundance of medical devices at a rate that soon makes the latest device obsolete.Key issues affecting progress include the extreme diversity of the medical device arena—diverse in terms of types of devices, degrees of complexity, applications, usage, users and categories and issues like the context dependency of medical devices and research in medical devices often not based on public health needs.
However, as a crucial component of health care, medical devices will be most effective when considered in the wider context of the complete health-care package necessary to address public health needs: prevention, clinical care (investigation, diagnosis, treatment and management, follow up, and rehabilitation) and access to appropriate health care. Therefore, rather than just focusing on the technological issues involved in medical devices, it is necessary to frame medical devices in another way—as an agenda to improve global access to appropriate medical devices.
This agenda is composed of the crucial “4 As”—Availability, Accessibility, Appropriateness, and Affordability.
These four components help to widen the scope of the medical device agenda so that it does not just focus on “upstream” innovation efforts but also on choosing which medical devices to procure in a rational way, responding to the needs, and in ensuring that they are used as effectively as possible to best improve health….”
The First Global Forum on Medical Devices
The World Health Organization is pleased to announce the First Global Forum on Medical Devices to be held 9-11 September, 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand. A webcast is available to view the sessions. Overview
Watch the webcast live
Baseline country survey: http://www.who.int/medical_devices
Medical devices: managing the mismatch – Contents
Overview 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Prioritizing medical devices: setting the scene
1.2 The Priority Medical Devices project
1.3 The mismatch
1.4 This report
2. Medical devices 2.1 Medical devices: what’s in a name?
2.2 Past, present, and future
2.2.1 Recent key trends
2.2.2 Future trends
2.3 Assistive products
2.4 Pharmaceuticals and medical devices: similarities and differences
2.4.1 Access to essential medicines
2.4.2 Access to appropriate medical devices
2.5 The medical device market
2.6 Medical device regulation
2.7 An introduction to medical device innovation
2.7.1 Applying non-medical innovation to health care
3. Public health needs 3.1 A health-based approach to choosing medical devices
3.2 Identifying current and future public health needs
3.2.1 Disability
3.2.2 Global trends
3.3 Public health: the missing research target
3.3.1 Drivers of research
3.4 The gap
4. Priority Medical Devices project: methods used
4.1 Methodology
4.1.1 Identifying key medical devices in high-burden diseases
4.1.2 Identifying the medical device gap
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Identifying key medical devices in high-burden diseases
4.2.2 Identifying the medical device gaps
4.3 Identifying key assistive products for high-burden diseases
5. Medical devices: problems and possible solutions
5.1 Choosing medical devices
5.1.1 Barriers to choosing medical devices
5.1.2 Possible solutions to overcoming these barriers
5.2 Using medical devices
5.2.1 Barriers to using medical devices
5.2.2 Overcoming barriers to using medical devices
5.3 Medical device innovation
5.3.1 Barriers to innovation
5.3.2 Barriers to appropriate innovation uptake
5.3.3 Overcoming the barriers to medical innovation
5.4 Assistive devices
5.5 Emerging themes
5.5.1 Applying the 4 As to medical devices and medical interventions
6. Towards appropriate medical devices: options for future research
6.1 Methodology
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Scoping exercise
6.3 Future research areas in cross-cutting areas
6.3.1 Study design and clinical outcome
6.3.2 Laboratory diagnostic tools
6.3.3 Telemedicine and labour-saving technologies
6.3.4 Safe injections
6.4 Future research areas in global high-burden diseases
6.4.1 Perinatal conditions
6.4.2 Lower respiratory tract infections
6.4.3 Unipolar depressive disorders
6.4.4 Ischaemic heart disease
6.4.5 Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
6.4.6 HIV/AIDS
6.4.7 Road traffic accidents
6.4.8 Tuberculosis
6.4.9 Malaria
6.4.10 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6.4.11 Cataract
6.4.12 Hearing loss
6.4.13 Alcohol use disorders
6.4.14 Diabetes mellitus
6.5 Future trends in high-burden diseases
6.5.1 Alzheimer disease and other dementias
6.5.2 Cancer (malignant neoplasms)
6.5.3 Osteoarthritis
6.6 A possible way forward
References
Glossary
Annex 1 List of background papers and methods used in preparing the report
1. A stepwise approach to identifying gaps in medical devices (Availability Matrix and survey methodology)
2. Building bridges between diseases, disabilities and assistive devices: linking the GBD, ICF and ISO 9999
3. Clinical evidence for medical devices: regulatory processes focusing on Europe and the United States of America
4. Increasing complexity of medical devices and consequences for training and outcome of care
5. Context dependency of medical devices
6. Barriers to innovation in the field of medical devices
7. Trends in medical technology and expected impact on public health
8. Future public health needs: commonalities and differences between high- and low-resource settings
Annex 2 Conflict of interest statement
Annex 3 Steering bodies of the Priority Medical Devices project
* * *
[EQ] Key factors influencing adoption of an innovation in primary health care
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Key factors influencing adoption of an innovation in primary health care
Key factors influencing adoption of an innovation in primary health care:
a qualitative study based on implementation theory
Siw Carlfjord 1 , Malou Lindberg 2 , Preben Bendtsen 1 , Per Nilsen 1 and Agneta Andersson 2
1 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
2 R&D Department of Local Health Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
BMC Family Practice 2010, 11:60doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-60 - Published: 23 August 2010
Available online at: http://bit.ly/d1dqIo
Background: Bridging the knowledge-to-practice gap in health care is an important issue that has gained interest in recent years. Implementing new methods, guidelines or tools into routine care, however, is a slow and unpredictable process, and the factors that play a role in the change process are not yet fully understood. There is a number of theories concerned with factors predicting successful implementation in various settings, however, this issue is insufficiently studied in primary health care (PHC). The objective of this article was to apply implementation theory to identify key factors influencing the adoption of an innovation being introduced in PHC in Sweden.
Methods: A qualitative study was carried out with staff at six PHC units in Sweden where a computer-based test for lifestyle intervention had been implemented. Two different implementation strategies, implicit or explicit, were used. Sixteen focus group interviews and two individual interviews were performed. In the analysis a theoretical framework based on studies of implementation in health service organizations, was applied to identify key factors influencing adoption.
Results: The theoretical framework proved to be relevant for studies in PHC. Adoption was positively influenced by positive expectations at the unit, perceptions of the innovation being compatible with existing routines and perceived advantages. An explicit implementation strategy and positive opinions on change and innovation were also associated with adoption. Organizational changes and staff shortages coinciding with implementation seemed to be obstacles for the adoption process.
Conclusion: When implementation theory obtained from studies in other areas was applied in PHC it proved to be relevant for this particular setting. Based on our results, factors to be taken into account in the planning of the implementation of a new tool in PHC should include assessment of staff expectations, assessment of the perceived need for the innovation to be implemented, and of its potential compatibility with existing routines. Regarding context, we suggest that implementation concurrent with other major organizational changes should be avoided. The choice of implementation strategy should be given thorough consideration…..”
* * *
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Key factors influencing adoption of an innovation in primary health care
Key factors influencing adoption of an innovation in primary health care:
a qualitative study based on implementation theory
Siw Carlfjord 1 , Malou Lindberg 2 , Preben Bendtsen 1 , Per Nilsen 1 and Agneta Andersson 2
1 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
2 R&D Department of Local Health Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
BMC Family Practice 2010, 11:60doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-60 - Published: 23 August 2010
Available online at: http://bit.ly/d1dqIo
Background: Bridging the knowledge-to-practice gap in health care is an important issue that has gained interest in recent years. Implementing new methods, guidelines or tools into routine care, however, is a slow and unpredictable process, and the factors that play a role in the change process are not yet fully understood. There is a number of theories concerned with factors predicting successful implementation in various settings, however, this issue is insufficiently studied in primary health care (PHC). The objective of this article was to apply implementation theory to identify key factors influencing the adoption of an innovation being introduced in PHC in Sweden.
Methods: A qualitative study was carried out with staff at six PHC units in Sweden where a computer-based test for lifestyle intervention had been implemented. Two different implementation strategies, implicit or explicit, were used. Sixteen focus group interviews and two individual interviews were performed. In the analysis a theoretical framework based on studies of implementation in health service organizations, was applied to identify key factors influencing adoption.
Results: The theoretical framework proved to be relevant for studies in PHC. Adoption was positively influenced by positive expectations at the unit, perceptions of the innovation being compatible with existing routines and perceived advantages. An explicit implementation strategy and positive opinions on change and innovation were also associated with adoption. Organizational changes and staff shortages coinciding with implementation seemed to be obstacles for the adoption process.
Conclusion: When implementation theory obtained from studies in other areas was applied in PHC it proved to be relevant for this particular setting. Based on our results, factors to be taken into account in the planning of the implementation of a new tool in PHC should include assessment of staff expectations, assessment of the perceived need for the innovation to be implemented, and of its potential compatibility with existing routines. Regarding context, we suggest that implementation concurrent with other major organizational changes should be avoided. The choice of implementation strategy should be given thorough consideration…..”
* * *
[EQ] Policies and incentives for promoting innovation in antibiotic research
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 10:59
asunto: [EQ] Policies and incentives for promoting innovation in antibiotic research
Policies and incentives for promoting innovation in antibiotic research
Elias Mossialos, Chantal M Morel, Suzanne Edwards, Julia Berenson, Marin Gemmill-Toyama, David Brogan
This study was commissioned and financed by theSwedish Government
World Health Organization 2010, on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Available online PDF [224p.] at: http://bit.ly/aEepeE
“……Bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics is becoming increasingly frequent in both hospital and community settings. We are even starting to see resistance to entire antibiotic classes such as beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, glycopeptides and macrolides.
Resistance to antibiotics presents a major challenge in health care as resistant bacteria dramatically decrease the chances of treating infections effectively and increase the risk of complications and death (ReAct – Action on Antibiotic Resistance 2007). Within the European Union (EU) alone it is estimated that 2 million patients acquire nosocomial infections each year (European Academies Science Advisory Council 2007), over half of which are drug resistant (Vicente et al. 2006). Coupled with the lack of investment to discover new antibiotics, we are facing a potential health crisis. In response to this growing threat, in December 2009 the Council of the European Union called upon the European Commission (EC) 6 to:
within 24 months, develop a comprehensive action-plan, with concrete proposals concerning incentives to develop new effective antibiotics, including
ways to secure their rational use; and ensure that these proposals take account of the economic impact on the financial sustainability of healthcare systems.
Around the same time the United States joined forces with the EU to help tackle the issue through the formation of a transatlantic taskforce on antimicrobial
resistance.7 This book is intended to help shed light on some of the key policies and incentives proposed to tackle this problem…..”
Content:
Introduction Chapter 1 Background on antibiotics 1.1 What are antibiotics?
1.2 Why antibiotics are important
1.3 Externalities of antibiotics and AR
Chapter 2 Background on AR 2.1 What is AR?
2.2 Severity of AR
2.2.1 AR trends in developed countries
2.2.2 AR trends in developing countries
2.3 Clinical and economic impact of AR
2.3.1 Clinical outcomes
2.3.2 Costs of resistance
Chapter 3 Causes of AR 3.1 Misuse of antibiotics
3.1.1 Physicians and health-care providers
3.1.2 Livestock and agriculture
3.2 Role of diagnostics in AR
3.3 Role of vaccines in AR
3.3.1 Examples from Europe
3.3.2 Examples from the United States
3.4 Lack of new antibiotics
3.4.1 The antibiotic market
3.4.2 Areas of unmet need
Chapter 4 Reasons for limited innovation 4.1 Antibiotic restrictions deter pharmaceutical investment in R&D 49
4.2 Challenges in the antibiotics market – NPV
4.3 Regulatory environment
4.4 Estimated cost of drug development
4.5 Scientific challenges
Chapter 5 Health system responses to AR 5.1 Examples from Europe
5.2 Examples from the United States
Chapter 6 Analysis of opportunities and incentives to stimulate R&D for antibiotics
6.1 Push incentives
6.1.1 Increasing access to research
6.1.2 Scientific personnel
6.1.3 Direct funding of research
6.1.4 Translational research
6.1.5 Tax incentives
6.1.6 PDPs
6.2 Pull incentives
6.2.1 Monetary prizes
6.2.2 Advance market commitments
6.2.3 Patent buyout
6.3 Lego-regulatory mechanisms
6.3.1 Clinical trials
6.3.2 Intellectual property mechanisms
6.3.3 Expedited regulatory review
6.3.4 Pricing and reimbursement
6.3.5 Liability protection
6.3.6 Antitrust laws
6.3.7 Sui generis rights
6.4 Combined push-pull incentive models
6.4.1 Orphan drug designation
6.4.2 Call options for antibiotics model
Chapter 7 Conclusions 7.1 Rationale for intervention in the antibiotics market
7.2 Preserving the effective life of existing and new antibiotics
7.3 Key concepts in incentive design
7.4 Conclusions on individual incentives
7.4.1 Direct public subsidy for basic research
Appendix A. EU Council conclusions on innovative incentives Appendix B. US-EU joint declaration on creation of transatlantic taskforce on antimicrobial resistance
Appendix C. Global vaccine research Appendix D. Possible funding mechanisms for a COA scheme References
* * *
fecha: 9 de septiembre de 2010 10:59
asunto: [EQ] Policies and incentives for promoting innovation in antibiotic research
Policies and incentives for promoting innovation in antibiotic research
Elias Mossialos, Chantal M Morel, Suzanne Edwards, Julia Berenson, Marin Gemmill-Toyama, David Brogan
This study was commissioned and financed by theSwedish Government
World Health Organization 2010, on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Available online PDF [224p.] at: http://bit.ly/aEepeE
“……Bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics is becoming increasingly frequent in both hospital and community settings. We are even starting to see resistance to entire antibiotic classes such as beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, glycopeptides and macrolides.
Resistance to antibiotics presents a major challenge in health care as resistant bacteria dramatically decrease the chances of treating infections effectively and increase the risk of complications and death (ReAct – Action on Antibiotic Resistance 2007). Within the European Union (EU) alone it is estimated that 2 million patients acquire nosocomial infections each year (European Academies Science Advisory Council 2007), over half of which are drug resistant (Vicente et al. 2006). Coupled with the lack of investment to discover new antibiotics, we are facing a potential health crisis. In response to this growing threat, in December 2009 the Council of the European Union called upon the European Commission (EC) 6 to:
within 24 months, develop a comprehensive action-plan, with concrete proposals concerning incentives to develop new effective antibiotics, including
ways to secure their rational use; and ensure that these proposals take account of the economic impact on the financial sustainability of healthcare systems.
Around the same time the United States joined forces with the EU to help tackle the issue through the formation of a transatlantic taskforce on antimicrobial
resistance.7 This book is intended to help shed light on some of the key policies and incentives proposed to tackle this problem…..”
Content:
Introduction Chapter 1 Background on antibiotics 1.1 What are antibiotics?
1.2 Why antibiotics are important
1.3 Externalities of antibiotics and AR
Chapter 2 Background on AR 2.1 What is AR?
2.2 Severity of AR
2.2.1 AR trends in developed countries
2.2.2 AR trends in developing countries
2.3 Clinical and economic impact of AR
2.3.1 Clinical outcomes
2.3.2 Costs of resistance
Chapter 3 Causes of AR 3.1 Misuse of antibiotics
3.1.1 Physicians and health-care providers
3.1.2 Livestock and agriculture
3.2 Role of diagnostics in AR
3.3 Role of vaccines in AR
3.3.1 Examples from Europe
3.3.2 Examples from the United States
3.4 Lack of new antibiotics
3.4.1 The antibiotic market
3.4.2 Areas of unmet need
Chapter 4 Reasons for limited innovation 4.1 Antibiotic restrictions deter pharmaceutical investment in R&D 49
4.2 Challenges in the antibiotics market – NPV
4.3 Regulatory environment
4.4 Estimated cost of drug development
4.5 Scientific challenges
Chapter 5 Health system responses to AR 5.1 Examples from Europe
5.2 Examples from the United States
Chapter 6 Analysis of opportunities and incentives to stimulate R&D for antibiotics
6.1 Push incentives
6.1.1 Increasing access to research
6.1.2 Scientific personnel
6.1.3 Direct funding of research
6.1.4 Translational research
6.1.5 Tax incentives
6.1.6 PDPs
6.2 Pull incentives
6.2.1 Monetary prizes
6.2.2 Advance market commitments
6.2.3 Patent buyout
6.3 Lego-regulatory mechanisms
6.3.1 Clinical trials
6.3.2 Intellectual property mechanisms
6.3.3 Expedited regulatory review
6.3.4 Pricing and reimbursement
6.3.5 Liability protection
6.3.6 Antitrust laws
6.3.7 Sui generis rights
6.4 Combined push-pull incentive models
6.4.1 Orphan drug designation
6.4.2 Call options for antibiotics model
Chapter 7 Conclusions 7.1 Rationale for intervention in the antibiotics market
7.2 Preserving the effective life of existing and new antibiotics
7.3 Key concepts in incentive design
7.4 Conclusions on individual incentives
7.4.1 Direct public subsidy for basic research
Appendix A. EU Council conclusions on innovative incentives Appendix B. US-EU joint declaration on creation of transatlantic taskforce on antimicrobial resistance
Appendix C. Global vaccine research Appendix D. Possible funding mechanisms for a COA scheme References
* * *
miércoles, 1 de septiembre de 2010
[EQ] The Emergence of Translational Epidemiology: From Scientific Discovery to Population Health Impact
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 09:19
asunto: [EQ] The Emergence of Translational Epidemiology: From Scientific Discovery to Population Health Impact
The Emergence of Translational Epidemiology:
From Scientific Discovery to Population Health Impact
Muin J. Khoury, Marta Gwinn, and John P. A. Ioannidis
American Journal of Epidemiology - August 5, 2010
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010 172: 517-524; doi:10.1093/aje/kwq211
Available online at: http://bit.ly/c2skoq
“……In a recent editorial launching the new journal Science Translational Medicine, Dr. Elias Zerhouni, former director of the National Institutes of Health, remarked that despite decades of advances in our understanding of human biology and the emergence of powerful new technologies, such as genomics, the transformation of scientific discoveries into effective health interventions continues to elude us (2).
There is daunting complexity when applying basic discoveries and experimental approaches to treating and preventing human disease, requiring a strong translational research (TR) agenda. He stressed the need for ‘‘more and better TR, both for the sake of our patients and because much of the research funding comes from the primary expectation of the public that such scientific investigations will reduce the burden of disease’’ (2, p. 1)…..”
“….Knowledge synthesis methods, such as meta-analysis, are becoming standard in developing evidence-based recommendations for practice (T2 research).The Cochrane Collaboration (51), an international not-forprofit and independent organization founded in 1993, produces and disseminates systematic reviews of health-care interventions and promotes the search for evidence in the form of clinical trials and other studies of interventions. It continues to play a pivotal role in developing and promoting quantitative synthesis of evidence of what works and what does not work in health-care interventions. Increasingly, other independent groups, such as the US Preventive Services Task Force, are adopting similar methods (33, 52). In human genomics, knowledge synthesis plays a key role in T1 epidemiologic research….”
* * *
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 09:19
asunto: [EQ] The Emergence of Translational Epidemiology: From Scientific Discovery to Population Health Impact
The Emergence of Translational Epidemiology:
From Scientific Discovery to Population Health Impact
Muin J. Khoury, Marta Gwinn, and John P. A. Ioannidis
American Journal of Epidemiology - August 5, 2010
Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010 172: 517-524; doi:10.1093/aje/kwq211
Available online at: http://bit.ly/c2skoq
“……In a recent editorial launching the new journal Science Translational Medicine, Dr. Elias Zerhouni, former director of the National Institutes of Health, remarked that despite decades of advances in our understanding of human biology and the emergence of powerful new technologies, such as genomics, the transformation of scientific discoveries into effective health interventions continues to elude us (2).
There is daunting complexity when applying basic discoveries and experimental approaches to treating and preventing human disease, requiring a strong translational research (TR) agenda. He stressed the need for ‘‘more and better TR, both for the sake of our patients and because much of the research funding comes from the primary expectation of the public that such scientific investigations will reduce the burden of disease’’ (2, p. 1)…..”
“….Knowledge synthesis methods, such as meta-analysis, are becoming standard in developing evidence-based recommendations for practice (T2 research).The Cochrane Collaboration (51), an international not-forprofit and independent organization founded in 1993, produces and disseminates systematic reviews of health-care interventions and promotes the search for evidence in the form of clinical trials and other studies of interventions. It continues to play a pivotal role in developing and promoting quantitative synthesis of evidence of what works and what does not work in health-care interventions. Increasingly, other independent groups, such as the US Preventive Services Task Force, are adopting similar methods (33, 52). In human genomics, knowledge synthesis plays a key role in T1 epidemiologic research….”
* * *
[EQ] Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes
Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes
BMJ 2010; 340:c3311 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3311 (Published 24 June 2010)
BMJ 2010; 340:c3311
David Stuckler, researcher 12, Sanjay Basu, physician3, Martin McKee, professor of European public health4
1 Department of Sociology, Oxford University, Oxford
2 Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK
3 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital
4 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Available at: http://bit.ly/ddkipc
“…..Governments may feel they are protecting health by safeguarding healthcare budgets, the authors argue that social welfare spending is as important, if not more so, for population health
The recession of 2008 has had profound economic consequences for many countries. How and when to reduce budget deficits was a major focus in the recent general election in the United Kingdom and continues to make headlines around the world. The new government has already begun to make large cuts in public expenditure,1 2 even though the UK’s projected underlying debt, as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), is less than that of other industrialised countries, it has longer than many other countries before it is required to refinance loans (table 1⇓), and the actual deficit in 2009-10 was considerably less than expected.
Leading economists have widely divergent views about whether the cuts will aid or hinder economic recovery,3 4 but have paid scant attention to the potential effects of reductions in health and social expenditure on population health.5 We examine historical data for insights into how lower levels of public spending might affect health…..”
* * *
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 08:37
asunto: [EQ] Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes
Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes
BMJ 2010; 340:c3311 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3311 (Published 24 June 2010)
BMJ 2010; 340:c3311
David Stuckler, researcher 12, Sanjay Basu, physician3, Martin McKee, professor of European public health4
1 Department of Sociology, Oxford University, Oxford
2 Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK
3 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital
4 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Available at: http://bit.ly/ddkipc
“…..Governments may feel they are protecting health by safeguarding healthcare budgets, the authors argue that social welfare spending is as important, if not more so, for population health
The recession of 2008 has had profound economic consequences for many countries. How and when to reduce budget deficits was a major focus in the recent general election in the United Kingdom and continues to make headlines around the world. The new government has already begun to make large cuts in public expenditure,1 2 even though the UK’s projected underlying debt, as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), is less than that of other industrialised countries, it has longer than many other countries before it is required to refinance loans (table 1⇓), and the actual deficit in 2009-10 was considerably less than expected.
Leading economists have widely divergent views about whether the cuts will aid or hinder economic recovery,3 4 but have paid scant attention to the potential effects of reductions in health and social expenditure on population health.5 We examine historical data for insights into how lower levels of public spending might affect health…..”
* * *
[EQ] Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention
de: Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC) : ruglucia@paho.org
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 09:38
asunto: [EQ] Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention
Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention
Global policy recommendations
World Health Organization WHO - 2010 - ISBN: 9789241564014
Available online PDF [80p.] at: http://bit.ly/bw3qy9
‘’…….Globally, approximately one half of the population lives in rural areas, but less than 38% of the nurses and less than 25% of the physicians work there. While getting and keeping health workers in rural and remote areas is a challenge for all countries, the situation is worse in the 57 countries that have an absolute shortage of health workers.
After a year-long consultative effort, this document proposes sixteen evidence-based recommendations on how to improve the recruitment and retention of health workers in underserved areas. It also offers a guide for policy makers to choose the most appropriate interventions, and to implement, monitor and evaluate their impact over time….”
Tables of contents
Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Rationale
1.2 Objective
1.3 Target audience
1.4 Scope
1.4.1 Types of health workers targeted
1.4.2 Geographical areas covered
1.4.3 Categories of interventions covered
1.5 Process for formulating the global recommendations
1.6 Dissemination process
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Structure of the report
2. Principles to guide the formulation of national policies to improve retention of health workers in remote and rural areas 2.1 Focus on health equity
2.2 Ensure rural retention policies are part of the national health plan
2.3 Understand the health workforce
2.4 Understand the wider context
2.5 Strengthen human resource management systems
2.6 Engage with all relevant stakeholders from the beginning of the process
2.7 Get into the habit of evaluation and learning
3. Evidence-based recommendations to improve attraction, recruitment and retention of health workers in remote and rural areas 3.1 Education
3.1.1 Get the “right” students
3.1.2 Train students closer to rural communities
3.1.3 Bring students to rural communities
3.1.4 Match curricula with rural health needs
3.1.5 Facilitate professional development
3.2 Regulatory interventions
3.2.1 Create the conditions for rural health workers to do more
3.2.2 Train more health workers faster to meet rural health needs
2 3.2.3 Make the most of compulsory service
3.2.4 Tie education subsidies to mandatory placements
3.3 Financial incentives
3.3.1 Make it worthwhile to move to a remote or rural area
3.4 Personal and professional support
3.4.1 Pay attention to living conditions
3.4.2 Ensure the workplace is up to an acceptable standard
3.4.3 Foster interaction between urban and rural health workers
3.4.4 Design career ladders for rural health workers
3.4.5 Facilitate knowledge exchange
3.4.6 Raise the profile of rural health workers
4. Measuring results: how to select, implement and evaluate rural retention policies 35
4.1 Relevance: which interventions best respond to national priorities and the expectations of health workers and rural communities?
4.2 Acceptability: which interventions are politically acceptable and have the most stakeholder support?
4.3 Affordability: which interventions are affordable?
4.4 Effectiveness: have complementarities and potential unintended consequences between various interventions been considered?
4.5 Impact: what indicators will be used to measure impact over time?
5. Research gaps and research agenda 5.1 Research gaps
5.1.1 Study all types of health workers
5.1.2 More research in low-income countries
5.1.3 More well-designed evaluations
5.1.4 Quality of the evidence – not only “what works”, but also “why” and “how”
5.2 Research agenda
6. Deciding on the strength of the recommendations Methodology List of participants
References
Annexes
:: Annex 1 – Grade evidence profiles [pdf 151kb]
:: Annex 2 – Descriptive evidence profiles [pdf 220kb]
Executive summary :: Download [pdf 37kb]
Related link
:: WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel
Resolution WHA63.16 is included as Annex 3 in the CD attached to the printed version of the global policy recommendations.
* * *
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 09:38
asunto: [EQ] Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention
Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention
Global policy recommendations
World Health Organization WHO - 2010 - ISBN: 9789241564014
Available online PDF [80p.] at: http://bit.ly/bw3qy9
‘’…….Globally, approximately one half of the population lives in rural areas, but less than 38% of the nurses and less than 25% of the physicians work there. While getting and keeping health workers in rural and remote areas is a challenge for all countries, the situation is worse in the 57 countries that have an absolute shortage of health workers.
After a year-long consultative effort, this document proposes sixteen evidence-based recommendations on how to improve the recruitment and retention of health workers in underserved areas. It also offers a guide for policy makers to choose the most appropriate interventions, and to implement, monitor and evaluate their impact over time….”
Tables of contents
Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Rationale
1.2 Objective
1.3 Target audience
1.4 Scope
1.4.1 Types of health workers targeted
1.4.2 Geographical areas covered
1.4.3 Categories of interventions covered
1.5 Process for formulating the global recommendations
1.6 Dissemination process
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Structure of the report
2. Principles to guide the formulation of national policies to improve retention of health workers in remote and rural areas 2.1 Focus on health equity
2.2 Ensure rural retention policies are part of the national health plan
2.3 Understand the health workforce
2.4 Understand the wider context
2.5 Strengthen human resource management systems
2.6 Engage with all relevant stakeholders from the beginning of the process
2.7 Get into the habit of evaluation and learning
3. Evidence-based recommendations to improve attraction, recruitment and retention of health workers in remote and rural areas 3.1 Education
3.1.1 Get the “right” students
3.1.2 Train students closer to rural communities
3.1.3 Bring students to rural communities
3.1.4 Match curricula with rural health needs
3.1.5 Facilitate professional development
3.2 Regulatory interventions
3.2.1 Create the conditions for rural health workers to do more
3.2.2 Train more health workers faster to meet rural health needs
2 3.2.3 Make the most of compulsory service
3.2.4 Tie education subsidies to mandatory placements
3.3 Financial incentives
3.3.1 Make it worthwhile to move to a remote or rural area
3.4 Personal and professional support
3.4.1 Pay attention to living conditions
3.4.2 Ensure the workplace is up to an acceptable standard
3.4.3 Foster interaction between urban and rural health workers
3.4.4 Design career ladders for rural health workers
3.4.5 Facilitate knowledge exchange
3.4.6 Raise the profile of rural health workers
4. Measuring results: how to select, implement and evaluate rural retention policies 35
4.1 Relevance: which interventions best respond to national priorities and the expectations of health workers and rural communities?
4.2 Acceptability: which interventions are politically acceptable and have the most stakeholder support?
4.3 Affordability: which interventions are affordable?
4.4 Effectiveness: have complementarities and potential unintended consequences between various interventions been considered?
4.5 Impact: what indicators will be used to measure impact over time?
5. Research gaps and research agenda 5.1 Research gaps
5.1.1 Study all types of health workers
5.1.2 More research in low-income countries
5.1.3 More well-designed evaluations
5.1.4 Quality of the evidence – not only “what works”, but also “why” and “how”
5.2 Research agenda
6. Deciding on the strength of the recommendations Methodology List of participants
References
Annexes
:: Annex 1 – Grade evidence profiles [pdf 151kb]
:: Annex 2 – Descriptive evidence profiles [pdf 220kb]
Executive summary :: Download [pdf 37kb]
Related link
:: WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel
Resolution WHA63.16 is included as Annex 3 in the CD attached to the printed version of the global policy recommendations.
* * *
[SESOMA] Vª versión "Diplomado en Ergonomía y Salud Laboral", cohorte 2010 (DESL10)
de: Dr. Miguel Acevedo (Santiago) : drmacevedo@gmail.com
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 11:18
asunto: [SESOMA] Vª versión "Diplomado en Ergonomía y Salud Laboral", cohorte 2010 (DESL10)
Junto con saludarlos tengo el agrado de invitarles a participar en la quinta versión del "Diplomado en Ergonomía y Salud Laboral", cohorte 2010, realizado por la Universidad Mayor (Chile). Nuestro programa se place de llegar a esta 5ª versión, habiendo alcanzado un muy interesante nivel de desarrollo.
Adjunto resumen informativo y ficha de postulación que deben completar y enviar junto con su C.V. para formalizar su ingreso a nuestro programa.
La fecha de inicio es el 6 de noviembre próximo y el pago se puede documentar hasta en 10 cuotas.
Le invitamos a enviarnos sus comentarios y consultas, las que atenderemos a la brevedad.
Para temas de orden académico contactar con: Dr. Miguel Acevedo, macevedo@ergonomia.cl
Para temas de orden administrativo / económico contactar con:Sr. José Luis Pareja: jose.pareja@umayor.cl
--
Dr. Miguel E. Acevedo Álvarez
Médico del Trabajo, Ergonomista
Director Académico DESL
macevedo@ergonomia.cl | Oficina: 2-2285915 | Celular: 66098008
Av. Colón 3066, 7550423 Las Condes
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 11:18
asunto: [SESOMA] Vª versión "Diplomado en Ergonomía y Salud Laboral", cohorte 2010 (DESL10)
Junto con saludarlos tengo el agrado de invitarles a participar en la quinta versión del "Diplomado en Ergonomía y Salud Laboral", cohorte 2010, realizado por la Universidad Mayor (Chile). Nuestro programa se place de llegar a esta 5ª versión, habiendo alcanzado un muy interesante nivel de desarrollo.
Adjunto resumen informativo y ficha de postulación que deben completar y enviar junto con su C.V. para formalizar su ingreso a nuestro programa.
La fecha de inicio es el 6 de noviembre próximo y el pago se puede documentar hasta en 10 cuotas.
Le invitamos a enviarnos sus comentarios y consultas, las que atenderemos a la brevedad.
Para temas de orden académico contactar con: Dr. Miguel Acevedo, macevedo@ergonomia.cl
Para temas de orden administrativo / económico contactar con:Sr. José Luis Pareja: jose.pareja@umayor.cl
--
Dr. Miguel E. Acevedo Álvarez
Médico del Trabajo, Ergonomista
Director Académico DESL
macevedo@ergonomia.cl | Oficina: 2-2285915 | Celular: 66098008
Av. Colón 3066, 7550423 Las Condes
[SESOMA] Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health: volume 36, no 5, 2010
de: Dr. Miguel Acevedo (Santiago) : drmacevedo@gmail.com
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 11:34
asunto: [SESOMA] Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health: volume 36, no 5, 2010
CONTENTS — volume 36, no 5, 2010
Editorial
349 Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality – disentangling the roles of work, fitness, and leisure
Krause N
Original article
357 Physical demands at work, physical fitness, and 30-year ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in the Copenhagen Male Study
Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg
F, Suadicani P
366 Fitness, work, and leisure-time physical activity and ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality among men with pre-existing cardiovascular disease
Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg F, Suadicani P
373 Mortality from circulatory system diseases and low-level radon exposure in the French cohort study of uranium miners, 1946–1999
Nusinovici S, Vacquier B, Leuraud K, Metz-Flamant C, Caër-Lorho S, Acker A, Laurier D
384 The natural course of carpal tunnel syndrome in a working population
Silverstein BA, Fan ZJ, Bonauto DK, Bao S, Smith CK, Howard N, Viikari-Juntura E
394 Gender differences in sickness absence – the contribution of occupation and workplace
Laaksonen M, Mastekaasa A, Martikainen P, Rahkonen O, Piha K, Lahelma E
404 The work ability index and single-item question: associations with sick leave, symptoms, and health – a prospective study of women on long-term sick leave
Ahlstrom L, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M, Dellve L
413 Maternal concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and duration of breastfeeding
Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J
Discussion paper
422 Well-being at work – overview and perspective
Schulte P, Vainio H
Letter to the Editor
430 Exposure to mercury among Norwegian dentists and dental healthcare personnel
Guzzi G, Pigatto PD, Ronchi A, Minoia C
Book review
432 Unhealthy Work – Causes, Consequences and Cures
Theorell T
fecha: 1 de septiembre de 2010 11:34
asunto: [SESOMA] Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health: volume 36, no 5, 2010
CONTENTS — volume 36, no 5, 2010
Editorial
349 Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality – disentangling the roles of work, fitness, and leisure
Krause N
Original article
357 Physical demands at work, physical fitness, and 30-year ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in the Copenhagen Male Study
Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg
F, Suadicani P
366 Fitness, work, and leisure-time physical activity and ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality among men with pre-existing cardiovascular disease
Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Burr H, Søgaard K, Gyntelberg F, Suadicani P
373 Mortality from circulatory system diseases and low-level radon exposure in the French cohort study of uranium miners, 1946–1999
Nusinovici S, Vacquier B, Leuraud K, Metz-Flamant C, Caër-Lorho S, Acker A, Laurier D
384 The natural course of carpal tunnel syndrome in a working population
Silverstein BA, Fan ZJ, Bonauto DK, Bao S, Smith CK, Howard N, Viikari-Juntura E
394 Gender differences in sickness absence – the contribution of occupation and workplace
Laaksonen M, Mastekaasa A, Martikainen P, Rahkonen O, Piha K, Lahelma E
404 The work ability index and single-item question: associations with sick leave, symptoms, and health – a prospective study of women on long-term sick leave
Ahlstrom L, Grimby-Ekman A, Hagberg M, Dellve L
413 Maternal concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and duration of breastfeeding
Fei C, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Olsen J
Discussion paper
422 Well-being at work – overview and perspective
Schulte P, Vainio H
Letter to the Editor
430 Exposure to mercury among Norwegian dentists and dental healthcare personnel
Guzzi G, Pigatto PD, Ronchi A, Minoia C
Book review
432 Unhealthy Work – Causes, Consequences and Cures
Theorell T
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